Local controls modify the effects of timber harvesting on surface soil carbon and nitrogen in a temperate hardwood forest

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Managing for structural complexity to enhance forest health and resiliency is increasingly incorporated in silvicultural treatments. High spatial variability in stands managed for structural complexity could obscure forest management effects on surface soils. Yet few studies have assessed how within-stand variation in forest structure and other local controls influence the effects of timber harvesting on surface soil organic matter dynamics over time. We used a stratified random sampling design to capture variation in stand age, legacy structure, soil type, and topography in a second-growth, oak-hardwood forest in the northeastern U.S. We compared surface soil carbon and nitrogen content and availability in 15 harvested stands managed to promote tree regeneration (n = 144 plots) and five unharvested controls (n = 48 plots). We also examined changes over time since harvest in just the harvested stands using a 25-year chronosequence. Timber harvesting strongly influenced surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The harvested stands had lower soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass, and carbon mineralization but higher nitrogen mineralization. These differences were more pronounced in the drier soil type with higher organic matter content than in the more moist soil type. Across the 25-year chronosequence, elevation, soil type, and downed woody material density dictated the direction of changes in surface soil carbon and nitrogen over time. Soil carbon and nitrogen accrued over time at drier, higher elevation (∼300 m) sites and was positively associated with higher densities of fine woody material but declined at lower elevations (∼180 m). Proximity to legacy trees was associated with higher soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations and availability. Our findings underscore the importance of silvicultural practices that retain structural legacies in shaping surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics over time. Our results also highlight how accounting for spatial variation in local controls on soil carbon and nitrogen, such as topography, can improve detection of changes from forest management practices that increase spatial heterogeneity within stands, such as irregular shelterwood and seed tree regeneration methods.

地方控制改变了木材采伐对温带阔叶林表层土壤碳和氮的影响
为提高森林健康和恢复能力而进行的结构复杂性管理正越来越多地被纳入造林措施中。对结构复杂性进行管理的林分在空间上的高变异性可能会掩盖森林管理对表层土壤的影响。然而,很少有研究评估了林分内部的森林结构变化和其他地方控制因素如何影响木材采伐对表层土壤有机质动态的长期影响。我们采用了分层随机抽样设计,以捕捉美国东北部一片次生橡木-硬木林中林分年龄、遗留结构、土壤类型和地形的变化。我们比较了 15 个为促进树木再生而进行管理的采伐林分(n = 144 个地块)和 5 个未采伐对照林分(n = 48 个地块)的表层土壤碳、氮含量和可用性。我们还利用 25 年的时间序列研究了采伐林分自采伐以来的变化情况。木材采伐对表层土壤碳和氮的动态变化影响很大。采伐林分的土壤碳氮、微生物生物量和碳矿化度较低,但氮矿化度较高。这些差异在有机质含量较高的干燥土壤类型中比在较湿润的土壤类型中更为明显。在 25 年的时间序列中,海拔高度、土壤类型和木质材料密度决定了地表土壤碳和氮随时间的变化方向。在较干燥、海拔较高(∼300 米)的地点,土壤碳和氮随着时间的推移而增加,并与较高的细木质材料密度呈正相关,但在海拔较低(∼180 米)的地点,土壤碳和氮则有所减少。靠近遗留树木与较高的土壤碳和氮浓度及可用性有关。我们的研究结果强调了保留遗留结构的造林措施在长期影响表层土壤碳氮动态方面的重要性。我们的研究结果还突出表明,考虑地形等当地土壤碳氮控制因素的空间变化,可以提高对增加林分空间异质性的森林管理措施(如不规则防护林和种子树再生方法)所带来的变化的检测能力。
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来源期刊
Forest Ecology and Management
Forest Ecology and Management 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.80%
发文量
665
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A peer-review process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers. We encourage submission of papers that will have the strongest interest and value to the Journal''s international readership. Some key features of papers with strong interest include: 1. Clear connections between the ecology and management of forests; 2. Novel ideas or approaches to important challenges in forest ecology and management; 3. Studies that address a population of interest beyond the scale of single research sites, Three key points in the design of forest experiments, Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 2022-2023); 4. Review Articles on timely, important topics. Authors are welcome to contact one of the editors to discuss the suitability of a potential review manuscript. The Journal encourages proposals for special issues examining important areas of forest ecology and management. Potential guest editors should contact any of the Editors to begin discussions about topics, potential papers, and other details.
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