Presbyopia, Dry Eye, and Retinal Thickness in the Middle-Aged Population: Focusing on Sex Differences.

IF 1.4 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Clinical Optometry Pub Date : 2024-09-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2147/OPTO.S481279

Masahiko Ayaki, Akiko Hanyuda, Kazuno Negishi

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Abstract

Purpose: Risk factors for presbyopia have not been fully determined although previous studies suggested presbyopia was associate with age, dry eye, and retinal ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC). We accessed these signs and common ocular symptoms in the middle-aged population focusing on sex differences when women have drastic hormonal change.

Methods: This cohort study consecutively enrolled 2743 patients aged 36-45 years (n=1000), 46-55 years (n=1000), and 56-65 years (n=743). All underwent ocular surface tests and had near add power and GCC measured. Common ocular symptoms were asked using questionnaire.

Results: Among female participants, visual symptoms (eye strain and photophobia) were more prevalent in the age group 46-55, whereas non-visual symptoms (dryness, irritation, and pain) were not. We identified symptomatic presbyopia (near add power ≥ 1.5D) in 14.4%, 73.8%, and 97.8%, positive corneal staining in 29.1%, 23.8%, and 23.9%, and a mean GCC of 98.2 μm, 105.3 μm, and 89.6 μm in the age groups 36-45, 46-55, and 56-65, respectively. Mean tear break-up time were 3.3, 3.5, and 3.3 seconds, respectively. Results indicated a large progression of presbyopia (P<0.01) from the period of 36-45 years onward and significantly increased GCC (P<0.01) in women of age group 46-55. No notable tendency was observed in symptoms and GCC for male participants.

Conclusion: Visual symptoms in women were worse between 46 and 55 years than before or after these ages. The increase of symptomatic presbyopia and GCC may be contributing to visual symptoms in addition to menopausal transition symptoms in this age group.

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中年人群的老花眼、干眼症和视网膜厚度：关注性别差异。

目的：尽管之前的研究表明老花眼与年龄、干眼症和视网膜神经节细胞复合体厚度（GCC）有关，但老花眼的风险因素尚未完全确定。我们对中年人群的这些体征和常见眼部症状进行了调查，重点关注女性荷尔蒙急剧变化时的性别差异：这项队列研究连续招募了 2743 名患者，年龄分别为 36-45 岁（1000 人）、46-55 岁（1000 人）和 56-65 岁（743 人）。所有患者均接受了眼表测试，并测量了近加力和 GCC。问卷调查了常见的眼部症状：结果：在女性参与者中，视觉症状（眼睛疲劳和畏光）在 46-55 岁年龄组中更为普遍，而非视觉症状（干涩、刺激和疼痛）则不普遍。在 36-45 岁、46-55 岁和 56-65 岁年龄组中，我们分别发现了 14.4%、73.8% 和 97.8%的无症状老花眼（近加力≥ 1.5D），29.1%、23.8% 和 23.9%的角膜染色阳性，平均 GCC 分别为 98.2 μm、105.3 μm 和 89.6 μm。平均泪液破裂时间分别为 3.3 秒、3.5 秒和 3.3 秒。结果表明，老花眼的发展速度较快（PPC结论：46 岁至 55 岁女性的视力症状比这一年龄段之前或之后更严重。除了更年期过渡症状外，无症状老花眼和 GCC 的增加可能也是导致该年龄组出现视觉症状的原因。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Optometry OPHTHALMOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical Optometry is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on clinical optometry. All aspects of patient care are addressed within the journal as well as the practice of optometry including economic and business analyses. Basic and clinical research papers are published that cover all aspects of optics, refraction and its application to the theory and practice of optometry. Specific topics covered in the journal include: Theoretical and applied optics, Delivery of patient care in optometry practice, Refraction and correction of errors, Screening and preventative aspects of eye disease, Extended clinical roles for optometrists including shared care and provision of medications, Teaching and training optometrists, International aspects of optometry, Business practice, Patient adherence, quality of life, satisfaction, Health economic evaluations.