Jan D Lünemann, Augusto Sao Avilés, Mar Tintoré, Luciana Midaglia, Nicolás Fissolo, Lucía Gutiérrez, Heinz Wiendl, Xavier Montalban, Manuel Comabella
{"title":"Cytomegalovirus immune responses are associated with lower serum NfL and disability accumulation risk at multiple sclerosis onset.","authors":"Jan D Lünemann, Augusto Sao Avilés, Mar Tintoré, Luciana Midaglia, Nicolás Fissolo, Lucía Gutiérrez, Heinz Wiendl, Xavier Montalban, Manuel Comabella","doi":"10.1177/13524585241274571","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection by cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) play a prognostic role in multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore whether humoral immune responses to HCMV and EBV at disease onset were associated with changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-eight MS patients with a median follow-up of 20 years were included in the study. The levels of a panel of nine biomarkers were measured in serum (<i>N</i> = 60) and CSF (<i>N</i> = 61) samples of patients at the time of the first demyelinating event.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immune responses to HCMV inversely correlated with serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels (rho = -0.367; <i>p</i> = 0.039). sNfL levels were reduced in patients with high immune responses to HCMV (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Elevated sNfL levels were associated with higher risk of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3.0 (<i>p</i> = 0.016), 4.0 (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and 6.0 (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and with higher risk of developing secondary progressive MS (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and to receive treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Serum soluble CD21 levels were increased in patients with high immune responses to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.020).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High immune responses to HCMV are associated with limited disease progression and central nervous system (CNS) injury in MS patients. These findings reinforce the protective role of HCMV infection in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1445-1454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585241274571","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/9 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Infection by cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) play a prognostic role in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Objectives: To explore whether humoral immune responses to HCMV and EBV at disease onset were associated with changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers.
Methods: Ninety-eight MS patients with a median follow-up of 20 years were included in the study. The levels of a panel of nine biomarkers were measured in serum (N = 60) and CSF (N = 61) samples of patients at the time of the first demyelinating event.
Results: Immune responses to HCMV inversely correlated with serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels (rho = -0.367; p = 0.039). sNfL levels were reduced in patients with high immune responses to HCMV (p = 0.006). Elevated sNfL levels were associated with higher risk of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3.0 (p = 0.016), 4.0 (p = 0.009) and 6.0 (p = 0.003), and with higher risk of developing secondary progressive MS (p = 0.003) and to receive treatment (p = 0.032). Serum soluble CD21 levels were increased in patients with high immune responses to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (p = 0.020).
Conclusions: High immune responses to HCMV are associated with limited disease progression and central nervous system (CNS) injury in MS patients. These findings reinforce the protective role of HCMV infection in MS.
期刊介绍:
Multiple Sclerosis Journal is a peer-reviewed international journal that focuses on all aspects of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and other related autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.
The journal for your research in the following areas:
* __Biologic basis:__ pathology, myelin biology, pathophysiology of the blood/brain barrier, axo-glial pathobiology, remyelination, virology and microbiome, immunology, proteomics
* __Epidemology and genetics:__ genetics epigenetics, epidemiology
* __Clinical and Neuroimaging:__ clinical neurology, biomarkers, neuroimaging and clinical outcome measures
* __Therapeutics and rehabilitation:__ therapeutics, rehabilitation, psychology, neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and systematic management
Print ISSN: 1352-4585