Microplastics and nanoplastics in soil: Sources, impacts, and solutions for soil health and environmental sustainability

IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Soumitra Nath, Kingsley Erhons Enerijiofi, Ashim Das Astapati, Anupam Guha
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The present review discusses the growing concern of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in soil, together with their sources, concentration, distribution, and impact on soil microorganisms, human health, and ecosystems. MPs and NPs can enter the soil through various pathways, such as agricultural activities, sewage sludge application, and atmospheric deposition. Once in the soil, they can accumulate in the upper layers and affect soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. The presence of MPs and NPs in soil can also have ecological consequences, acting as carriers for pollutants and contaminants, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Additionally, the leaching of chemicals and additives from MPs and NPs can pose public health risks through the food web and groundwater contamination. The detection and analyses of MPs and NPs in soil can be challenging, and methods involve spectroscopic and microscopy techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. To mitigate the presence and effects of MPs and NPs in soil, it is essential to reduce plastic waste production, improve waste management practices, and adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Effective mitigation measures include implementing stricter regulations on plastic use, promoting biodegradable alternatives, and enhancing recycling infrastructure. Additionally, soil amendments, such as biochar and compost, can help immobilize MPs and NPs, reducing their mobility and bioavailability. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these emerging environmental issues and identify potential solutions to alleviate their impact on soil health, ecosystem functioning, and community health.

土壤中的微塑料和纳米塑料:土壤健康和环境可持续性的来源、影响和解决方案。
本综述讨论了人们日益关注的土壤中的微塑料(MPs)和纳米塑料(NPs)及其来源、浓度、分布以及对土壤微生物、人类健康和生态系统的影响。MPs 和 NPs 可通过各种途径进入土壤,如农业活动、污水污泥施用和大气沉降。一旦进入土壤,它们就会在上层积累,影响土壤结构、保水性和养分供应。土壤中 MPs 和 NPs 的存在还会对生态产生影响,成为重金属和持久性有机污染物等污染物和污物的载体。此外,从 MPs 和 NPs 中沥滤出的化学品和添加剂会通过食物网和地下水污染对公众健康造成危害。土壤中 MPs 和 NPs 的检测和分析具有挑战性,其方法涉及光谱和显微镜技术,如傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜。为了减轻土壤中 MPs 和 NPs 的存在及其影响,必须减少塑料废物的生产、改进废物管理方法并采用可持续农业方法。有效的缓解措施包括实施更严格的塑料使用法规、推广可生物降解的替代品以及加强回收基础设施。此外,生物炭和堆肥等土壤改良剂有助于固定 MPs 和 NPs,降低其流动性和生物可利用性。这篇综述文章旨在提供对这些新出现的环境问题的全面了解,并确定潜在的解决方案,以减轻它们对土壤健康、生态系统功能和社区健康的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of environmental quality
Journal of environmental quality 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
123
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in JEQ cover various aspects of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including agricultural, terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic systems, with emphasis on the understanding of underlying processes. To be acceptable for consideration in JEQ, a manuscript must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing concepts. The study should define principles of broad applicability, be related to problems over a sizable geographic area, or be of potential interest to a representative number of scientists. Emphasis is given to the understanding of underlying processes rather than to monitoring. Contributions are accepted from all disciplines for consideration by the editorial board. Manuscripts may be volunteered, invited, or coordinated as a special section or symposium.
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