Population genomics of seal lice provides insights into the postglacial history of northern European seals

IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Ludmila Sromek, Kevin P. Johnson, Mervi Kunnasranta, Eeva Ylinen, Stephany Virrueta Herrera, Elena Andrievskaya, Vyacheslav Alexeev, Olga Rusinek, Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid, Tommi Nyman
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Abstract

Genetic analyses of host-specific parasites can elucidate the evolutionary histories and biological features of their hosts. Here, we used population-genomic analyses of ectoparasitic seal lice (Echinophthirius horridus) to shed light on the postglacial history of seals in the Arctic Ocean and the Baltic Sea region. One key question was the enigmatic origin of relict landlocked ringed seal populations in lakes Saimaa and Ladoga in northern Europe. We found that that lice of four postglacially diverged subspecies of the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and Baltic gray seal (Halichoerus grypus), like their hosts, form genetically differentiated entities. Using coalescent-based demographic inference, we show that the sequence of divergences of the louse populations is consistent with the geological history of lake formation. In addition, local effective population sizes of the lice are generally proportional to the census sizes of their respective seal host populations. Genome-based reconstructions of long-term effective population sizes revealed clear differences among louse populations associated with gray versus ringed seals, with apparent links to Pleistocene and Holocene climatic variation as well as to the isolation histories of ringed seal subspecies. Interestingly, our analyses also revealed ancient gene flow between the lice of Baltic gray and ringed seals, suggesting that the distributions of Baltic seals overlapped to a greater extent in the past than is the case today. Taken together, our results demonstrate how genomic information from specialized parasites with higher mutation and substitution rates than their hosts can potentially illuminate finer scale population genetic patterns than similar data from their hosts.

Abstract Image

海豹虱的种群基因组学为了解北欧海豹的冰川后历史提供了线索。
对宿主特异性寄生虫的基因分析可以阐明宿主的进化历史和生物学特征。在这里,我们利用海豹体外寄生虱(Echinophthirius horridus)的种群基因组分析来揭示北冰洋和波罗的海地区海豹的冰川后历史。其中一个关键问题是北欧塞马湖和拉多加湖中的内陆环斑海豹种群的神秘起源。我们发现,环斑海豹(Pusa hispida)和波罗的海灰海豹(Halichoerus grypus)的四个后冰期分化亚种的虱子与其宿主一样,形成了遗传上分化的实体。利用基于共生的人口推断,我们发现虱子种群的分化序列与湖泊形成的地质历史是一致的。此外,虱子的局部有效种群规模通常与其各自海豹宿主种群的普查规模成正比。基于基因组重建的长期有效种群规模显示,与灰海豹和环斑海豹相关的虱子种群之间存在明显差异,这显然与更新世和全新世的气候变异以及环斑海豹亚种的隔离历史有关。有趣的是,我们的分析还揭示了波罗的海灰海豹和环斑海豹虱子之间古老的基因流,这表明波罗的海海豹的分布在过去比现在有更大程度的重叠。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,与宿主的类似数据相比,来自变异率和替代率高于宿主的特化寄生虫的基因组信息有可能揭示更精细的种群遗传模式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Molecular Ecology
Molecular Ecology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
10.20%
发文量
472
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Ecology publishes papers that utilize molecular genetic techniques to address consequential questions in ecology, evolution, behaviour and conservation. Studies may employ neutral markers for inference about ecological and evolutionary processes or examine ecologically important genes and their products directly. We discourage papers that are primarily descriptive and are relevant only to the taxon being studied. Papers reporting on molecular marker development, molecular diagnostics, barcoding, or DNA taxonomy, or technical methods should be re-directed to our sister journal, Molecular Ecology Resources. Likewise, papers with a strongly applied focus should be submitted to Evolutionary Applications. Research areas of interest to Molecular Ecology include: * population structure and phylogeography * reproductive strategies * relatedness and kin selection * sex allocation * population genetic theory * analytical methods development * conservation genetics * speciation genetics * microbial biodiversity * evolutionary dynamics of QTLs * ecological interactions * molecular adaptation and environmental genomics * impact of genetically modified organisms
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