Optimized controlled-release nitrogen strategy achieves high yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat following rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River of China

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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Abstract

Context and problem

Wheat following rice manly distributed in the lower reaches of Yangtze River of China, its major challenge is to cope with simultaneous improvement in yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) without increasing the input of fertilizer.

Objective

Controlled-release urea (CRU) offer several advantages in agricultural practices. However, the effectiveness of CRU was strongly affected by the application strategy, types and region environmental conditions. This study investigated if and how the controlled-release nitrogen strategy could achieve high yield and high NUE.

Methods

Field experiments across two years using two spring wheat varieties were conducted with five nitrogen application treatments, including no nitrogen (T1), conventional urea (T2, CK), controlled-release urea (T3), CRU combined with one-time basal CU (T4) and CRU combined with split CU (T5).

Results

The results showed that yield and NUE were significantly increased in optimized controlled-release nitrogen strategy (T4 and T5) compared to T2, especially for T4. T4 significantly improved biomass accumulation after anthesis, non-structural carbohydrates remobilization and harvest index (HI), increased nitrogen absorption and nitrogen harvest index (NHI), enhanced leaf photosynthetic capacity (leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content) and leaf nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities. The diversity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium in rhizosphere after anthesis were significantly increased in T4. Correlation analysis showed that the above morpho-physiological indexes were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield and NUE.

Conclusions

This study indicates that the appropriate combined application strategy (CRU combined with one-time basal CU) could hold great promise to increase yield and NUE of wheat via facilitating carbon-nitrogen allocation and optimizing rhizosphere environment in the lower reaches of Yangtze River of China.

Implication

This study would offer theoretical basis for achieving high yield and nitrogen use efficiency through combined application strategy of controlled-release and convention urea, and provide practical guidance in high efficiency production in wheat-rice rotation system.

优化控释氮策略实现中国长江下游稻后小麦的高产和氮素利用效率
背景与问题控释尿素(CRU)在农业实践中具有多种优势。然而,控释尿素的效果受施用策略、类型和地区环境条件的影响很大。本研究调查了控释氮策略是否以及如何实现高产和高氮利用效率。方法使用两个春小麦品种进行了为期两年的田间试验,共采用了五种施氮处理,包括不施氮(T1)、常规尿素(T2、CK)、控释尿素(T3)、控释尿素与一次性基施CU相结合(T4)以及控释尿素与分施CU相结合(T5)。结果结果表明,与 T2 相比,优化的控释氮策略(T4 和 T5)显著提高了产量和氮利用效率,尤其是 T4。T4 显著提高了花后生物量积累、非结构性碳水化合物再动员和收获指数(HI),增加了氮吸收和氮收获指数(NHI),提高了叶片光合能力(叶面积指数、光合速率、叶绿素含量)和叶片氮代谢酶活性。花后根圈中固氮微生物的多样性和根瘤菌的相对丰度在 T4 中显著增加。结论本研究表明,在中国长江下游地区,适当的联合施肥策略(CRU 结合一次性基肥 CU)可通过促进碳氮分配和优化根圈环境来提高小麦产量和氮利用效率。意义 本研究为通过控释尿素与常规尿素联合施用策略实现高产和氮利用效率提供了理论依据,并为小麦-水稻轮作系统的高效生产提供了实践指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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