Imaging body-mind crosstalk in young adults

IF 5.3 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

There is evidence that complex relationships exist between motor functions, brain structure, and cognitive functions, particularly in the aging population. However, whether such relationships observed in older adults could extend to other age groups (e.g., younger adults) remains to be elucidated. Thus, the current study addressed this gap in the literature by investigating potential associations between motor functions, brain structure, and cognitive functions in a large cohort of young adults

Methods

In the current study, data from 910 participants (22–35 yr) were retrieved from the Human Connectome Project. Interactions between motor functions (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, gait speed, hand dexterity, and handgrip strength), brain structure (i.e., cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes), and cognitive functions were examined using linear mixed-effects models and mediation analyses. The performance of different machine-learning classifiers to discriminate young adults at three different levels (related to each motor function) was compared

Results

Cardiorespiratory fitness and hand dexterity were positively associated with fluid and crystallized intelligence in young adults, whereas gait speed and handgrip strength were correlated with specific measures of fluid intelligence (e.g., inhibitory control, flexibility, sustained attention, and spatial orientation; false discovery rate [FDR] corrected, p < 0.05). The relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and domains of cognitive function were mediated by surface area and cortical volume in regions involved in the default mode, sensorimotor, and limbic networks (FDR corrected, p < 0.05). Associations between handgrip strength and fluid intelligence were mediated by surface area and volume in regions involved in the salience and limbic networks (FDR corrected, p < 0.05). Four machine-learning classifiers with feature importance ranking were built to discriminate young adults with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (random forest), gait speed, hand dexterity (support vector machine with the radial kernel), and handgrip strength (artificial neural network)

Conclusions

In summary, similar to observations in older adults, the current study provides empirical evidence (i) that motor functions in young adults are positively related to specific measures of cognitive functions, and (ii) that such relationships are at least partially mediated by distinct brain structures. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that machine-learning classifier has a promising potential to be used as a classification tool and decision support for identifying populations with below-average motor and cognitive functions.

青壮年身体与心理串扰成像
目的有证据表明,运动功能、大脑结构和认知功能之间存在着复杂的关系,尤其是在老年人群中。然而,在老年人身上观察到的这种关系是否会延伸到其他年龄组(如年轻成年人)仍有待阐明。因此,本研究针对文献中的这一空白,调查了一大批年轻成年人的运动功能、大脑结构和认知功能之间的潜在关联。通过线性混合效应模型和中介分析,研究了运动功能(即心肺功能、步速、手部灵活性和握力)、大脑结构(即皮层厚度、表面积和皮层下体积)和认知功能之间的相互作用。结果心肺功能和手的灵活性与青壮年的流体智力和结晶智力呈正相关,而步速和握力则与流体智力的特定测量指标(如抑制控制、灵活性、持续注意力和空间定向;误发现率[FDR]校正,p <0.05)相关。心肺功能与认知功能领域之间的关系由默认模式、感觉运动和边缘网络区域的表面积和皮质体积介导(FDR 校正,p < 0.05)。手握力与流体智力之间的关系受显著性网络和边缘网络相关区域的表面积和皮质体积的影响(FDR校正,p < 0.05)。结论综上所述,与在老年人身上观察到的结果类似,目前的研究提供了以下经验性证据:(i) 青年人的运动功能与认知功能的特定测量值呈正相关;(ii) 这种关系至少部分是由不同的大脑结构介导的。此外,我们的分析表明,机器学习分类器有望作为一种分类工具和决策支持,用于识别运动和认知功能低于平均水平的人群。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
5.70%
发文量
38
审稿时长
33 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology is dedicated to publishing manuscripts with a strong emphasis on both basic and applied research, encompassing experimental, clinical, and theoretical contributions that advance the fields of Clinical and Health Psychology. With a focus on four core domains—clinical psychology and psychotherapy, psychopathology, health psychology, and clinical neurosciences—the IJCHP seeks to provide a comprehensive platform for scholarly discourse and innovation. The journal accepts Original Articles (empirical studies) and Review Articles. Manuscripts submitted to IJCHP should be original and not previously published or under consideration elsewhere. All signing authors must unanimously agree on the submitted version of the manuscript. By submitting their work, authors agree to transfer their copyrights to the Journal for the duration of the editorial process.
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