Biomimetic mineralization synergistic combustion activation to construct honeycomb porous carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

Porous carbon has been proven to be an auspicious anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but the previous preparation methods still have shortcomings such as high cost, complicated processes, and environmental pollution. In this work, a biomimetic mineralization synergistic combustion activation strategy, which has the advantages of abundant raw materials, simple synthesis and environmental friendliness. The synthesized CMFO, with honeycomb morphology, high porosity and N, O, S triple doping, exhibits a 76.1 % initial coulombic efficiency when used as a sodium-ion battery (SIB) anode in an ether-based electrolyte. In addition, it can provide a specific capacity of 408.9 and 144.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.05 and 10 A g⁻¹, and retains a specific capacity of 151.4 mAh g⁻¹ after 2000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. Furthermore, the assembled NVP//CMFO full cell presents a high energy density of 177.7 Wh kg⁻¹. This study demonstrates the excellence of the method in constructing anode materials for SIBs, and will inspire more researchers to use biomimetic mineralization template to develop more novel carbon-based materials to advance the field of energy storage.