Optimum organic fertilization enhances rice productivity and ecological multifunctionality via regulating soil microbial diversity in a double rice cropping system

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Xiaochuang Cao , Li Liu , Qingxu Ma , Ruohui Lu , Haimin Kong , Yali Kong , Lianfeng Zhu , Chunquan Zhu , Wenhao Tian , Qianyu Jin , Lianghuan Wu , Junhua Zhang
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Abstract

Context

Double rice cropping system are crucial for sustainable food and security and agricultural ecosystem balance in South China. However, intensive chemical fertilization has reduced rice productivity, and soil and ecosystem degradation.

Objective

To develop a suitable organic fertilization scheme for double-rice cropping systems and explain its association with soil quality index (SQI), microbial diversity and ecological multifunctionality (EMF).

Methods

A 4-years field trial was conducted to examine the effects of four different organic materials (bio-organic fertilizer, OF; decomposed straw and manure, ST; biochar, BC and soil conditioner as silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer, SC) combined with chemical fertilizers (NPK) on rice yield, soil microbial abundance and diversity, SQI and EMF.

Results

Compared with NPK, NPK.OF and NPK.ST in early rice, and NPK.OF and NPK.BC in late rice both resulted in higher rice yield and SQI by enhancing soil microbes, soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and carbon (C)- and nitrogen (N)-cycle enzyme activities. Additionally, optimum organic fertilization increased soil bacterial abundance in early rice and that of fungi in late rice. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota and Nitrospirota were the dominant microbial groups in both rice seasons. Specifically, NPK.OF and NPK.ST increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, but suppressed that of Acidobacteria and Nitrosospira in early rice. Conversely, the fungal community showed no significant changes with organic fertilization in late rice. Microbial phylogenetic diversity (PD) of bacteria and fungi showed positive linear relationships with soil EMF in both rice seasons. Heatmap analysis indicated that Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae can serve as bioindicators of soil EMF in response to organic fertilization in early rice. This was related to the soil indices of bacterial PD, and DOC. Random forest and structural equation model analyses revealed that soil bacterial PD, DOC, and N-functional enzymes were the primary drivers and predictors of EMF.

Conclusions

Soil bacterial diversity and its interactions with soil properties played an important role in determining rice productivity and EMF. Suitable fertilization management in the region include NPK.OF and NPK.ST for early rice, and NPK.OF and NPK.BC for late rice.

Implications

Optimum organic fertilization can achieve higher rice yield, SQI, and EMF in a double rice cropping system. However, future widespread application requires careful overall consideration of environmental factors, soil fertility and rice species in different ecological regions.

通过调节双稻种植系统中的土壤微生物多样性,优化有机施肥提高水稻产量和生态多功能性
背景水稻双季种植系统对华南地区的可持续粮食安全和农业生态系统平衡至关重要。目的制定适合双季稻种植系统的有机肥方案,并解释其与土壤质量指数(SQI)、微生物多样性和生态多功能性(EMF)的关系。方法 进行了一项为期 4 年的田间试验,考察了四种不同有机材料(生物有机肥 OF、腐熟秸秆和粪肥 ST、生物炭 BC 和硅钙镁肥土壤改良剂 SC)与化肥(氮磷钾)相结合对水稻产量、土壤微生物丰度和多样性、SQI 和 EMF 的影响。结果与 NPK 相比,早稻施用 NPK.OF 和 NPK.ST,晚稻施用 NPK.OF 和 NPK.BC,都能提高土壤微生物、土壤溶解有机碳(DOC)、碳(C)和氮(N)循环酶活性,从而提高水稻产量和 SQI。此外,最佳有机肥还提高了早稻的土壤细菌丰度和晚稻的真菌丰度。蛋白细菌、酸性菌群、类杆菌群和硝化螺菌是两季水稻的主要微生物群。具体来说,在早稻中,NPK.OF 和 NPK.ST 增加了类杆菌和蛋白细菌的数量,但抑制了酸性杆菌和亚硝基螺旋体的数量。相反,晚稻真菌群落在施用有机肥后没有明显变化。细菌和真菌的微生物系统发育多样性(PD)与两季水稻的土壤电磁场呈正线性关系。热图分析表明,蛋白细菌和硝化细菌可作为土壤电磁场对早稻有机肥反应的生物指标。这与土壤中的细菌PD和DOC指数有关。随机森林和结构方程模型分析表明,土壤细菌PD、DOC和氮功能酶是EMF的主要驱动因素和预测因子。该地区合适的施肥管理包括早稻施用 NPK.OF 和 NPK.ST,晚稻施用 NPK.OF 和 NPK.BC。然而,未来的广泛应用需要对不同生态区域的环境因素、土壤肥力和水稻品种进行综合考虑。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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