Dimensional crossover in a quantum gas of light

IF 17.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Kirankumar Karkihalli Umesh, Julian Schulz, Julian Schmitt, Martin Weitz, Georg von Freymann, Frank Vewinger
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The dimensionality of a system profoundly influences its physical behaviour, leading to the emergence of different states of matter in many-body quantum systems. In lower dimensions, fluctuations increase and lead to the suppression of long-range order. For example, in bosonic gases, Bose–Einstein condensation in one dimension requires stronger confinement than in two dimensions. Here we observe the dimensional crossover from one to two dimensions in a harmonically trapped photon gas and study its properties. The photons are trapped in a dye microcavity where polymer nanostructures provide the trapping potential for the photon gas. By varying the aspect ratio of the harmonic trap, we tune from isotropic two-dimensional confinement to an anisotropic, highly elongated one-dimensional trapping potential. Along this transition, we determine the caloric properties of the photon gas and find a softening of the second-order Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition observed in two dimensions to a crossover behaviour in one dimension. The dimensionality of a many-body system strongly impacts its physical behaviour. Now, a crossover from 1D to 2D has been observed in the Bose–Einstein condensate of a photon gas.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

光量子气体中的维度交叉
一个系统的维度会深刻影响其物理行为,导致多体量子系统中出现不同的物质状态。维数越低,波动越大,导致长程有序性受到抑制。例如,在玻色气体中,一维的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚比二维的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚需要更强的约束。在这里,我们观察了谐波捕获光子气体从一维到二维的维度交叉,并研究了它的性质。光子被俘获在一个染料微腔中,其中的聚合物纳米结构为光子气体提供了俘获势能。通过改变谐波阱的长宽比,我们将各向同性的二维束缚调整为各向异性、高度拉长的一维阱势。在这一转变过程中,我们确定了光子气体的热量特性,并发现从二维观测到的二阶玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚相变软化到一维的交叉行为。
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来源期刊
Nature Physics
Nature Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
30.40
自引率
2.00%
发文量
349
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Physics is dedicated to publishing top-tier original research in physics with a fair and rigorous review process. It provides high visibility and access to a broad readership, maintaining high standards in copy editing and production, ensuring rapid publication, and maintaining independence from academic societies and other vested interests. The journal presents two main research paper formats: Letters and Articles. Alongside primary research, Nature Physics serves as a central source for valuable information within the physics community through Review Articles, News & Views, Research Highlights covering crucial developments across the physics literature, Commentaries, Book Reviews, and Correspondence.
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