Mechanistic exploration of COVlD-19 antiviral drug ritonavir on anaerobic digestion through experimental validation coupled with metagenomics analysis.

Journal of hazardous materials Pub Date : 2024-11-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135603
Ruming Wang, Zhuoqin Wang, Haiping Yuan, Chunxing Li, Nanwen Zhu
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Abstract

Aggregation of antiviral drugs (ATVs) in waste activated sludge (WAS) poses considerable environmental risk, so it is crucial to understand the behavior of these agents during WAS treatment. This study investigated the effects of ritonavir (RIT), an ATV used to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection and coronavirus disease 2019, on anaerobic digestion (AD) of WAS to reveal the mechanisms by which it interferes with anaerobic flora. The dosage influence results showed that methane production in AD of WAS decreased by 46.56 % when RIT concentration was increased to 1000 μg/kg total suspended solids (TSS). The AD staging test revealed that RIT mainly stimulated microbial synthesis of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), limiting organic matter solubilization. At 500 μg/kg TSS, RIT decreased CHO and CHON levels in dissolved organic matter by 23.12 % and 56.68 %, respectively, significantly reducing substrate availability to microorganisms. Metagenomic analysis of microbial functional gene sets revealed that RIT had greater inhibitory effects on protein and amino acid metabolism than on carbohydrate metabolism. Under RIT stress, methanogens switched from hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis to methylotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis.

通过实验验证和元基因组学分析,探索 COVlD-19 型抗病毒药物利托那韦对厌氧消化的作用机制。
抗病毒药物(ATV)在废弃活性污泥(WAS)中的聚集具有相当大的环境风险,因此了解这些药物在WAS处理过程中的行为至关重要。本研究调查了利托那韦(RIT)(一种用于治疗 2019 年人类免疫缺陷病毒感染和冠状病毒疾病的 ATV)对 WAS 厌氧消化(AD)的影响,以揭示其干扰厌氧菌群的机制。剂量影响结果表明,当 RIT 浓度增加到 1000 μg/kg 总悬浮固体(TSS)时,WAS 厌氧消化的甲烷产量下降了 46.56%。厌氧消化阶段试验表明,RIT 主要刺激微生物合成胞外聚合物(EPS),限制了有机物的溶解。在 500 μg/kg TSS 的条件下,RIT 会使溶解有机物中的 CHO 和 CHON 含量分别降低 23.12 % 和 56.68 %,从而显著降低微生物对底物的利用率。微生物功能基因组分析表明,RIT 对蛋白质和氨基酸代谢的抑制作用大于对碳水化合物代谢的抑制作用。在 RIT 胁迫下,甲烷菌从养氢型和养乙酰型甲烷生成转变为养甲基型和养乙酰型甲烷生成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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