Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities

IF 45.9 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
Patrizia Burra, Alberto Zanetto, Bernd Schnabl, Thomas Reiberger, Aldo J. Montano-Loza, Rosanna Asselta, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Frank Tacke
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiology, clinical phenotype and response to therapies for gastrointestinal and liver diseases are commonly different between women and men due to sex-specific hormonal, genetic and immune-related factors. The hepatic immune system has unique regulatory functions that promote the induction of intrahepatic tolerance, which is key for maintaining liver health and homeostasis. In liver diseases, hepatic immune alterations are increasingly recognized as a main cofactor responsible for the development and progression of chronic liver injury and fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of sex disparity in hepatic immune regulation and how these mechanisms influence and modify the development of autoimmune liver diseases, genetic liver diseases, portal hypertension and inflammation in chronic liver disease. Alterations in gut microbiota and their crosstalk with the hepatic immune system might affect the progression of liver disease in a sex-specific manner, creating potential opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to be evaluated in clinical trials. Finally, we identify and propose areas for future basic, translational and clinical research that will advance our understanding of sex disparities in hepatic immunity and liver disease.

Abstract Image

肝脏免疫调节与性别差异
慢性肝病是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。由于性别特异性荷尔蒙、遗传和免疫相关因素的影响,女性和男性在胃肠道和肝脏疾病的流行病学、临床表型以及对疗法的反应方面通常存在差异。肝脏免疫系统具有独特的调节功能,可促进肝内耐受性的诱导,这是维持肝脏健康和平衡的关键。在肝脏疾病中,肝脏免疫改变越来越被认为是导致慢性肝损伤和肝纤维化发生和发展的主要辅助因素。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论肝脏免疫调节中性别差异的基本机制,以及这些机制如何影响和改变自身免疫性肝病、遗传性肝病、门静脉高压和慢性肝病中炎症的发展。肠道微生物群的变化及其与肝脏免疫系统的相互影响可能会以性别特异性的方式影响肝病的进展,从而为在临床试验中评估新型诊断和治疗方法创造潜在的机会。最后,我们确定并提出了未来基础研究、转化研究和临床研究的领域,以促进我们对肝脏免疫和肝病性别差异的理解。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
52.30
自引率
0.60%
发文量
147
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology aims to serve as the leading resource for Reviews and commentaries within the scientific and medical communities it caters to. The journal strives to maintain authority, accessibility, and clarity in its published articles, which are complemented by easily understandable figures, tables, and other display items. Dedicated to providing exceptional service to authors, referees, and readers, the editorial team works diligently to maximize the usefulness and impact of each publication. The journal encompasses a wide range of content types, including Research Highlights, News & Views, Comments, Reviews, Perspectives, and Consensus Statements, all pertinent to gastroenterologists and hepatologists. With its broad scope, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology ensures that its articles reach a diverse audience, aiming for the widest possible dissemination of valuable information. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology is part of the Nature Reviews portfolio of journals.
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