Exploring the chemistry of waste eggshells and its diverse applications

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.024

Laiba Iftikhar , Iqbal Ahmad , Muhammad Saleem , Aamir Rasheed , Amir Waseem

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Abstract

The large-scale production of chicken eggs results in a substantial amount of eggshell (ES) residue, often considered as waste. These discarded shells naturally decompose in soil approximately within a year. Eggshells (ES), comparatively contribute lesser towards environmental pollution, contain a remarkable amount of calcium, which can be converted into various valuable products that finds applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. Among the diverse applications of ES, most effective and promising applications are removal of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu) ∼93–99 % metal adsorption capacity and capturing of flue gases (CO₂ and SO₂) from the environment. With ES having a maximum CO₂ sorption capacity of 92 % as compared to other sources, and SO₂ adsorption capacity of Calcined ES∼11.68 mg/g. The abundance, low cost and easy availability of CaO from ES makes them sustainable and eco-friendly. Additionally, its versatility extends beyond environmental prospects, as it is widely used in various industries as a catalyst, sorbent, fertilizer, and calcium supplement in food for individuals, plants and animals, among other diverse fields of study. Owing to its versatile applications, current review focuses on structure, chemical composition, treatment methods, and valorization pathways for diverse applications, aiming to reduce the eggshells waste and mitigate environmental pollution.

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探索废弃蛋壳的化学性质及其多样化应用

鸡蛋的大规模生产会产生大量蛋壳残渣（ES），通常被视为废物。这些被丢弃的蛋壳大约在一年内会在土壤中自然分解。蛋壳（ES）对环境污染的影响相对较小，但含有大量的钙，可以转化成各种有价值的产品，应用于工业、医药和医疗领域。在蛋壳吸附剂的各种应用中，最有效和最有前景的应用是去除重金属（镉、铬、铅、锌和铜）（金属吸附能力达 93-99%）和捕捉环境中的烟道气（二氧化碳和二氧化硫）。与其他来源相比，ES 对 CO2 的最大吸附能力为 92%，煅烧 ES 对 SO2 的吸附能力为 11.68 mg/g。从 ES 中提取的 CaO 数量丰富、成本低廉且易于获得，因此具有可持续性和生态友好性。此外，钙氧化物的用途不仅限于环保，它还被广泛应用于各行各业，如催化剂、吸附剂、肥料以及个人、植物和动物食品中的钙补充剂等。由于蛋壳的用途广泛，本综述重点介绍了蛋壳的结构、化学成分、处理方法和各种应用的价值化途径，旨在减少蛋壳废弃物，减轻环境污染。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Waste management 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

15.60

自引率

6.20%

发文量

492

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Waste Management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid wastes,it covers the entire lifecycle of solid. wastes. Scope: Addresses solid wastes in both industrialized and economically developing countries Covers various types of solid wastes, including: Municipal (e.g., residential, institutional, commercial, light industrial) Agricultural Special (e.g., C and D, healthcare, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge)