Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis Mechanism and Biomarkers.

Ashwani Arya, Manish Dhall, Vineet Mittal, Deepak Kaushik, Priya Mudgal, Tarun Kumar, Manisha Pandey, Renu Kadian, Prerna Sharma, Nidhi Rani, Thakur Gurjeet Singh
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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unceasing, demyelinating, idiopathic inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS.) The disease is characterized by the occurrence of neurological symptoms over a period of days to weeks, abide by partial or absolute diminutions of various durations. In this review, a concise outline on disease activity and progression of MS, pathogenesis with the special prominence on the biomarkers for the MS as therapeutic targets has been discussed by carrying out a comprehensive literature survey employing chief websites and search engines for investigation. Cortical inflammation, neurodegeneration, demyelination, axonal injury, axonal loss, oligodendrocytes, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia activation, oxidative and nitrosative stress are the pathological hallmarks of the MS. CNS neurofilaments, chitinase and chitinase 3-like proteins, soluble circulating form (sCD163), Chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), immunoglobulin M, MicroRNA (miRNA) and messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), serum osteopontin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2 α), apo-Lipoprotein E and myelinreactive T cells are some of the therapeutically valuable biomarkers for such multifarious disorder. MS is one of the chronic neurodegenerative diseases with undefined etiology. The study of the pathophysiology of the disease and the involvement of certain biomarkers can help identify new targets for therapeutic intercession, identify individuals at risk of developing the disease later in life, and allow more effective treatment of progressive diseases such as MS.

多发性硬化症:发病机制和生物标志物。
多发性硬化症(MS)是一种持续性、脱髓鞘、特发性炎症和中枢神经系统(CNS)神经退行性疾病。该病的特征是在数天至数周内出现神经系统症状,并伴随不同持续时间的部分或绝对减轻。在这篇综述中,通过利用主要网站和搜索引擎进行全面的文献调查,简要概述了多发性硬化症的疾病活动和进展、发病机制,并特别强调了作为治疗靶点的多发性硬化症生物标志物。皮层炎症、神经变性、脱髓鞘、轴突损伤、轴突丢失、少突胶质细胞、线粒体功能障碍、小胶质细胞激活、氧化应激和亚硝酸应激是多发性硬化症的病理特征。中枢神经系统神经丝、几丁质酶和几丁质酶 3 样蛋白、可溶性循环形式(sCD163)、趋化因子配体 13(CXCL13)、免疫球蛋白 M、微小核糖核酸(miRNA)和信使核糖核酸(mRNA)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP)、血清骨素、8-异前列腺素 F2α (8-异-PGF2 α)、载脂蛋白 E 和髓鞘反应性 T 细胞是这类多发性疾病的一些具有治疗价值的生物标记物。多发性硬化症是一种病因未明的慢性神经退行性疾病。研究该疾病的病理生理学和某些生物标志物的参与,有助于确定新的治疗干预靶点,识别有晚期发病风险的个体,并能更有效地治疗多发性硬化症等进展性疾病。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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