Iron oxide nanoparticles derived from Polyalthia korintii (Dunal) Benth. & Hook. F leaves extract exhibits biological and dye degradation potentials

Abstract

Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts is of tremendous interest owing to its cost effectiveness, ecofriendly and high efficiency compared to physical and chemical approaches. In the current study, we describe a green approach for producing iron oxide nanoparticles utilizing Polyalthia korintii aqueous leaf extract (PINPs). The prepared PINPs were assessed of their biological and dye degradation potentials. The physico-chemical characterization of PINPs using UV–Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction studies, Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the synthesized sample comprised of iron oxide entity, predominantly spherical with the size range of 40–60 nm. Total Phenolic Content of PINPs is 59.36 ± 1.64 µg GAE/mg. The PINPs exhibited 89.78 ± 0.07% DPPH free radical scavenging and 28.7 ± 0.21% ABTS cation scavenging activities. The antibacterial activities were tested against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and PINPs were more effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cytotoxicity of PINPs against K562 and HCT116 were measured and IC50 values were found to be 84.99 ± 4.3 µg/ml and 79.70 ± 6.2 µg/ml for 48 h respectively. The selective toxicity of PINPs was demonstrated by their lowest activity on lymphocytes, HEK293 cells, and erythrocytes. The toxicity (LC 50 values) against first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus was 40 ± 1.5 mg/mL, 45 ± 0.8 mg/mL, 99 ± 2.1 mg/mL and 120 ± 3.5 mg/mL respectively. Finally, PINPs were utilized to as a catalyst for removal of textile dyes like Methylene blue and methyl orange in a fenton-like reaction. The results showed 100% dye degradation efficiency in a fenton like reaction within 35 min. Thus, the green synthesized PINPs exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, larvicidal and dye degradation potentials, indicating their suitability for biological and environmental applications.