Chiara Russo, Malgorzata Mikulska, Emanuele Delfino, Federica Toscanini, Laura Mezzogori, Riccardo Schiavoni, Claudia Bartalucci, Emanuele Angelucci, Giulia Bartalucci, Massimiliano Gambella, Anna Maria Raiola, Paola Morici, Francesca Crea, Silvia Chiola, Silvia Daniela Morbelli, Anna Marchese, Matteo Bassetti
{"title":"Mycoplasma hominis as Cause of Extragenital Infection in Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review.","authors":"Chiara Russo, Malgorzata Mikulska, Emanuele Delfino, Federica Toscanini, Laura Mezzogori, Riccardo Schiavoni, Claudia Bartalucci, Emanuele Angelucci, Giulia Bartalucci, Massimiliano Gambella, Anna Maria Raiola, Paola Morici, Francesca Crea, Silvia Chiola, Silvia Daniela Morbelli, Anna Marchese, Matteo Bassetti","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01035-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycoplasma hominis can be a part of human urogenital tract microbiome, and it is a frequent cause of urogenital infections. In rare cases, it can also cause extragenital infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In this case series, we report two cases and provide a literature review of extragenital infections caused by M. hominis in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Patient 1 was a 61-year-old woman with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who, after rituximab-containing chemotherapy and CAR-T therapy, developed M. hominis spondylodiscitis. Patient 2 was a 50-year-old woman with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia who developed disseminated M. hominis infection involving pleura, muscles, and right ankle. Antibiotic therapy with levofloxacin and doxycycline for 10 weeks in patient 1 and with levofloxacin alone for 6 weeks in patient 2 led to infection resolution. The literature review identified 14 additional cases reporting M. hominis extragenital infection in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. M. hominis should also be suspected as an etiological agent of extragenital infection in patients with B-cell immunodeficiency with a clinical picture of persistent, standard-culture negative infection, particularly with arthritis or abscess formation. Even if M. hominis can grow on standard bacterial medium, in suspected cases molecular methods should be promptly used for correct diagnostic work-up and successful therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416451/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-01035-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/4 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis can be a part of human urogenital tract microbiome, and it is a frequent cause of urogenital infections. In rare cases, it can also cause extragenital infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In this case series, we report two cases and provide a literature review of extragenital infections caused by M. hominis in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Patient 1 was a 61-year-old woman with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who, after rituximab-containing chemotherapy and CAR-T therapy, developed M. hominis spondylodiscitis. Patient 2 was a 50-year-old woman with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia who developed disseminated M. hominis infection involving pleura, muscles, and right ankle. Antibiotic therapy with levofloxacin and doxycycline for 10 weeks in patient 1 and with levofloxacin alone for 6 weeks in patient 2 led to infection resolution. The literature review identified 14 additional cases reporting M. hominis extragenital infection in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. M. hominis should also be suspected as an etiological agent of extragenital infection in patients with B-cell immunodeficiency with a clinical picture of persistent, standard-culture negative infection, particularly with arthritis or abscess formation. Even if M. hominis can grow on standard bacterial medium, in suspected cases molecular methods should be promptly used for correct diagnostic work-up and successful therapy.
期刊介绍:
Infectious Diseases and Therapy is an international, open access, peer-reviewed, rapid publication journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality clinical (all phases), observational, real-world, and health outcomes research around the discovery, development, and use of infectious disease therapies and interventions, including vaccines and devices. Studies relating to diagnostic products and diagnosis, pharmacoeconomics, public health, epidemiology, quality of life, and patient care, management, and education are also encouraged.
Areas of focus include, but are not limited to, bacterial and fungal infections, viral infections (including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis), parasitological diseases, tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, vaccinations and other interventions, and drug-resistance, chronic infections, epidemiology and tropical, emergent, pediatric, dermal and sexually-transmitted diseases.