Microplastics in urban water cycles: Looking for a more scientific approach for sampling and characterization in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants.

IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Science of the Total Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-20 Epub Date: 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175919
Alessia Foglia, Lucia Pittura, Veronica Vivani, Massimiliano Sgroi, Lucia De Simoni, Anna Laura Eusebi, Stefania Gorbi, Francesco Regoli, Francesco Fatone
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Abstract

Specific campaigns to detect microplastics (MPs) in the urban water cycle were carried out in three drinking water plants and two wastewater treatment plants. A self-designed sampler for MPs detection in water matrices was in this study preliminary validated and then tested in long term campaigns sampling up to 1000 L. Raw drinking water and wastewater show microplastics (MPs) concentrations of 2-11 and of 480-801 MPs/m3, respectively, and MPs removals of 47-78 % and of 84-98 %, correspondingly. Specific roles of chemical and physical conventional processes in microplastics removals were investigated. Solid-liquid separation, flotation and filtration are the main processes for achieving high microplastics removal. Regarding concentrated matrices, MPs concentrations in sludge samples varied in the range of 5000-500,000 MPs/m3. Finally, shapes, size classes and polymers' typologies were investigated in the extracted MPs. The detected sizes are mainly 0.5-0.1 mm in drinking waters while 5-1 mm in wastewaters. Wastewaters were predominated by synthetic fibers (polyester type), while drinking waters were mainly characterized by fragments and the fibers were mostly of natural origin. Finally, the results of this study supported best practices and guidelines for a representative assessment of MPs in water (sampling methods, extraction procedures, characterization and quantification).

城市水循环中的微塑料:在废水和饮用水处理厂中寻找更科学的取样和表征方法。
在三家饮用水厂和两家污水处理厂开展了检测城市水循环中微塑料(MPs)的具体活动。在这项研究中,对自行设计的用于检测水基质中 MPs 的采样器进行了初步验证,并在长期采样活动中进行了测试,采样量高达 1000 升。原饮用水和废水中的微塑料(MPs)浓度分别为 2-11 MPs/m3 和 480-801 MPs/m3,MPs 去除率分别为 47-78 % 和 84-98%。研究了化学和物理传统工艺在去除微塑料中的具体作用。固液分离、浮选和过滤是实现高微塑料去除率的主要工艺。至于浓缩基质,污泥样本中的 MPs 浓度范围在 5000-500,000 MPs/m3 之间。最后,还对提取的 MPs 的形状、大小类别和聚合物类型进行了研究。在饮用水中检测到的 MPs 尺寸主要为 0.5-0.1 毫米,而在废水中则为 5-1 毫米。废水中的主要成分是合成纤维(聚酯纤维),而饮用水中的主要成分是碎屑,纤维大多来自天然。最后,这项研究的结果支持对水中 MPs 进行代表性评估的最佳实践和准则(采样方法、提取程序、特征描述和定量)。
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来源期刊
Science of the Total Environment
Science of the Total Environment 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
17.60
自引率
10.20%
发文量
8726
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Science of the Total Environment is an international journal dedicated to scientific research on the environment and its interaction with humanity. It covers a wide range of disciplines and seeks to publish innovative, hypothesis-driven, and impactful research that explores the entire environment, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. The journal's updated Aims & Scope emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary environmental research with broad impact. Priority is given to studies that advance fundamental understanding and explore the interconnectedness of multiple environmental spheres. Field studies are preferred, while laboratory experiments must demonstrate significant methodological advancements or mechanistic insights with direct relevance to the environment.
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