Exploring methandienone metabolites generated via homogenized camel liver: Advancements for anti-doping applications through High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis

IF 1.8 3区化学 Q4 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1002/rcm.9902

Ramees Abdulla Vazhat, N. A. Mohamed Farook, Jahfar Nalakath, Praseen Ondern Komathu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rationale

Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS), encompass steroidal androgens such as testosterone, as well as synthetic counterparts with similar structures and effects. The misuse of AAS has increased over the years, leading to ethical and welfare concerns in sports. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) have banned AAS in relevant sports. Methandienone is one of the most identified anabolic androgenic steroids in sports drug testing, Therefore, reliable detection methods are crucial for effective doping control and maintaining the integrity of the sports.

Methods

This study explores the use of homogenized camel liver for detecting methandienone metabolites in camels. The biotransformation pathways of methandienone in homogenized camel liver tissues are analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to identify and characterize the phase I and phase II metabolites. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo-Hypersil C18 column.

Results

The study has identified 11 methandienone metabolites (M1–M11), this includes 10 phase I and one phase II metabolite. A glucuronic acid conjugate of methandienone was observed in this study, but no sulfonic acid conjugations were found. The metabolites and their possible chemical structures, along with their fragmentation patterns are confirmed using MSMS (MS2) experiments in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode.

Conclusions

These findings serve as a vital tool for the rapid detection of methandienone, combating its illicit use in camel racing. Comprehensive screenings covering both the parent drug and its metabolites are recommended to improve detection accuracy and ensure regulatory compliance in sports doping. Future research should explore methandienone's metabolite profile in administered camel samples.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

探索通过匀浆骆驼肝脏产生的甲地孕酮代谢物：通过高分辨率液相色谱质谱分析推进反兴奋剂应用。

理由：合成类固醇又称合成代谢雄性类固醇（AAS），包括类固醇雄性激素（如睾酮）以及具有类似结构和效果的合成类固醇。滥用合成类固醇的现象逐年增多，引发了体育运动中的道德和福利问题。世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）和国际马术联合会（FEI）已禁止在相关运动中使用 AAS。因此，可靠的检测方法对于有效控制兴奋剂和维护体育运动的完整性至关重要：本研究探讨了利用匀浆骆驼肝脏检测骆驼体内甲地孕酮代谢物的方法。使用液相色谱-高分辨质谱法（LC-HRMS）分析了匀浆骆驼肝脏组织中甲地孕酮的生物转化途径，以确定第一阶段和第二阶段代谢物的特征。色谱分离采用 Thermo-Hypersil C18 色谱柱：研究发现了 11 种甲地孕酮代谢物（M1-M11），其中包括 10 种 I 期代谢物和 1 种 II 期代谢物。在这项研究中观察到了甲地孕酮的葡萄糖醛酸共轭物，但没有发现磺酸共轭物。这些代谢物及其可能的化学结构，以及它们的碎片模式都是在数据独立获取（DIA）模式下通过 MSMS（MS2）实验确认的：这些发现是快速检测甲地孕酮的重要工具，有助于打击在骆驼比赛中非法使用甲地孕酮。建议对母体药物及其代谢物进行全面筛查，以提高检测准确性，确保体育兴奋剂检测符合法规要求。未来的研究应探索甲地孕酮在骆驼样本中的代谢物特征。

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来源期刊

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

219

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry is a journal whose aim is the rapid publication of original research results and ideas on all aspects of the science of gas-phase ions; it covers all the associated scientific disciplines. There is no formal limit on paper length ("rapid" is not synonymous with "brief"), but papers should be of a length that is commensurate with the importance and complexity of the results being reported. Contributions may be theoretical or practical in nature; they may deal with methods, techniques and applications, or with the interpretation of results; they may cover any area in science that depends directly on measurements made upon gaseous ions or that is associated with such measurements.