Influence of film color, mulching ratio and soil–mulch contact degree on heat transfer in Northwest China

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Yin Zhao , Zunqiu Xu , Xiaomin Mao , Sien Li , Xingchao Qi , Jiangang Che
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The impact of diverse mulching factors on crop growth depends on their influences on heat transfer, while the precise effects of these factors on heat transfer remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we employed the CropSMPAC model to simulate energy fluxes and soil temperature under varying mulching conditions. Our study integrated a soil column experiment and a three–year field experiment. The soil column experiment encompassed 13 treatments, incorporating 3 plastic film colors, i.e., transparent film (TM), black film (BM), and silver–grey film (GM), and 2 mulching ratios (fm), i.e., 100 % and 75 %, as well as 2 distances between soil and film (Zsm), i.e., 0 and 5 mm, along with a control treatment (no mulching). The filed experiment comprised 2 treatments, i.e., film mulching (FM) and no mulching (NM), utilizing TM with a fm of 97.98 % and Zsm of 5 mm under FM condition. Results demonstrated the robust performance of the CropSMPAC model in predicting hourly soil surface temperature, hourly soil temperature in the night at 10 cm depth, daily soil water content at 10 cm depth across varying mulching scenarios. Furthermore, the model aptly captured soil temperature, net radiation flux (Rn) and soil heat flux (G) during the maize growth stages under both FM and NM conditions. For daily soil temperature at 10 cm depth, the root mean square error (RMSE) were 1.71 and 2.71 °C, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) were 0.79 and 0.55, and determination coefficient (R2) were 0.76 and 0.75 for FM and NM, respectively. Corresponding values for daily Rn were 37.3 and 42.7 W m–2 (RMSE), 0.56 and 0.47 (NSE), and 0.72 and 0.66 (R2), they were 8.5 and 6.9 W m–2 (RMSE), 0.44 and 0.56 (NSE), and 0.62 and 0.72 (R2) for daily G. Both measurements and simulations revealed that TM increased soil temperature in the daytime and night. In contrast, BM and GM raised soil temperature only in the night. The soil temperature under fm of 100 % was higher than under fm of 75 % for both TM and BM. Film mulching with Zsm of 5 mm contributed to an increase in soil temperature compared with Zsm of 0 mm for TM, while led to a reduction for BM. Additionally, a dense crop canopy helped mitigate the fluctuations in G and soil temperature, and the warming effect of plastic film mulching also weakened with the increase of canopy coverage.

西北地区地膜颜色、覆土率和土壤与地膜接触程度对传热的影响
各种地膜覆盖因素对作物生长的影响取决于它们对热传递的影响,而这些因素对热传递的确切影响仍不清楚。为了填补这一知识空白,我们利用 CropSMPAC 模型模拟了不同地膜覆盖条件下的能量通量和土壤温度。我们的研究综合了土壤柱实验和为期三年的田间试验。土壤柱实验包括 13 个处理,其中有 3 种塑料薄膜颜色,即透明膜 (TM)、黑膜 (BM) 和银灰色膜 (GM);2 种地膜覆盖率 (fm),即 100 % 和 75 %;2 种土壤与薄膜之间的距离 (Zsm),即 0 毫米和 5 毫米;以及一个对照处理(无地膜覆盖)。备案实验包括两种处理,即覆膜(FM)和不覆膜(NM),在覆膜条件下,使用 TM 的 fm 为 97.98%,Zsm 为 5 毫米。结果表明,在不同的地膜覆盖情况下,CropSMPAC 模型在预测每小时土壤表面温度、每小时夜间 10 厘米深度处土壤温度、每天 10 厘米深度处土壤含水量方面表现出色。此外,该模型还能在调频和非调频条件下准确捕捉玉米生长阶段的土壤温度、净辐射通量(Rn)和土壤热通量(G)。对于 10 厘米深度的日土壤温度,FM 和 NM 的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为 1.71 和 2.71 °C,纳什-苏克里夫效率系数(NSE)分别为 0.79 和 0.55,判定系数(R2)分别为 0.76 和 0.75。日 Rn 的相应值分别为 37.3 和 42.7 W m-2 (RMSE)、0.56 和 0.47 (NSE)、0.72 和 0.66 (R2),日 G 的相应值分别为 8.5 和 6.9 W m-2 (RMSE)、0.44 和 0.56 (NSE)、0.62 和 0.72 (R2)。相比之下,BM 和 GM 只在夜间提高土壤温度。对于 TM 和 BM 而言,100% fm 下的土壤温度高于 75% fm 下的土壤温度。与 Zsm 值为 0 mm 的薄膜覆盖相比,Zsm 值为 5 mm 的薄膜覆盖会提高土壤温度,而 BM 的薄膜覆盖则会降低土壤温度。此外,浓密的作物冠层有助于缓解 G 和土壤温度的波动,塑料薄膜覆盖的增温效果也随着冠层覆盖率的增加而减弱。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
9.70%
发文量
415
审稿时长
69 days
期刊介绍: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology is an international journal for the publication of original articles and reviews on the inter-relationship between meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is on basic and applied scientific research relevant to practical problems in the field of plant and soil sciences, ecology and biogeochemistry as affected by weather as well as climate variability and change. Theoretical models should be tested against experimental data. Articles must appeal to an international audience. Special issues devoted to single topics are also published. Typical topics include canopy micrometeorology (e.g. canopy radiation transfer, turbulence near the ground, evapotranspiration, energy balance, fluxes of trace gases), micrometeorological instrumentation (e.g., sensors for trace gases, flux measurement instruments, radiation measurement techniques), aerobiology (e.g. the dispersion of pollen, spores, insects and pesticides), biometeorology (e.g. the effect of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield, water-use efficiency, and plant phenology), forest-fire/weather interactions, and feedbacks from vegetation to weather and the climate system.
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