Floral resource availability declines and florivory increases along an elevation gradient in a highly biodiverse community.

IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
I Gélvez-Zúñiga, M Beirão, S Novais, J C Santiago, G W Fernandes
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aims: Flower-visitor interactions comprise a continuum of behaviors, from mutualistic partners to antagonistic visitors. Despite being relatively frequent in natural communities, florivory remains unexplored, especially when comprising abiotic factors, spatio-temporal variations and global environmental changes. Here, we addressed the variation of florivory driven by changes in elevation and temporal flower availability. We expect decreased floral resources as elevation increases -due to environmental constraints- which may affect plant-florivore interactions. Yet, if floral resources decrease but florivores remain constant, then we may expect an increase in florivory with increasing elevation in the community.

Methods: The flowering phenology of plant individuals was recorded in the Neotropical campo rupestre vegetation, in southeastern Brazil. Damages by florivores were recorded in plots at elevations ranging from 823 to 1411 m using two response variables as a proxy for florivory: the proportion of attacked flowers per plant and the proportion of petal removal on single flowers.

Key results: Flower attack increased with elevation and damages were intensified in species with longer flowering periods. Conversely, longer flowering periods resulted in higher levels of petal removal when decreasing elevation. The temporal availability of flowers affected florivory, with the proportion of attacked flowers being more intense when there are less flowered individuals in the community. Petal removal on single flowers was intensified in plots with a larger number of individuals flowering, and with more species co-flowering.

Conclusions: This study brings one of the broadest records of a commonly neglected interaction of insects feeding on floral structures, quantifying the combined effect of floral display and availability along an elevation gradient in a highly biodiverse mountaintop community. These findings contribute to filling in the gap in the understanding of florivory dynamics, focusing on a tropical mountaintop scenario facing imminent environmental changes and excessive natural resource exploitation.

在一个生物多样性高度丰富的群落中,沿着海拔梯度,花卉资源的可用性下降,而花木的生长量增加。
背景和目的花卉与访客之间的相互作用包括从互惠伙伴到拮抗访客的一系列行为。尽管花媒在自然群落中相对频繁,但仍未被探索,特别是当包括非生物因素、时空变化和全球环境变化时。在这里,我们研究了由海拔高度和花卉可利用性的时空变化所驱动的花期变化。由于环境限制,我们预计随着海拔的升高,花卉资源会减少,这可能会影响植物与花食动物之间的相互作用。然而,如果花卉资源减少,但花食性动物保持不变,那么我们可能会预期随着群落海拔的增加,花食性也会增加:方法:在巴西东南部的新热带峡谷植被中记录了植物个体的开花物候。在海拔 823 米至 1411 米的地块中记录了食花植物的破坏情况,使用两个响应变量作为食花植物破坏的替代变量:每株植物受攻击花朵的比例和单朵花花瓣被摘除的比例:主要结果:花朵受害程度随海拔升高而增加,花期越长的物种受害程度越严重。相反,当海拔降低时,花期越长,花瓣被摘除的比例越高。花朵在时间上的可获得性会影响花朵的被害程度,当群落中开花个体较少时,被害花朵的比例会更高。在开花个体数量较多、共同开花的物种较多的地块中,单朵花的花瓣被摘除的程度更强:本研究对昆虫取食花卉结构这一通常被忽视的相互作用进行了最广泛的记录,量化了高度生物多样性的山顶群落中沿海拔梯度的花卉展示和可用性的综合影响。这些发现有助于填补人们对花卉取食动态了解的空白,重点关注面临迫在眉睫的环境变化和过度自然资源开发的热带山顶情景。
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来源期刊
Annals of botany
Annals of botany 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
4.80%
发文量
138
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Annals of Botany is an international plant science journal publishing novel and rigorous research in all areas of plant science. It is published monthly in both electronic and printed forms with at least two extra issues each year that focus on a particular theme in plant biology. The Journal is managed by the Annals of Botany Company, a not-for-profit educational charity established to promote plant science worldwide. The Journal publishes original research papers, invited and submitted review articles, ''Research in Context'' expanding on original work, ''Botanical Briefings'' as short overviews of important topics, and ''Viewpoints'' giving opinions. All papers in each issue are summarized briefly in Content Snapshots , there are topical news items in the Plant Cuttings section and Book Reviews . A rigorous review process ensures that readers are exposed to genuine and novel advances across a wide spectrum of botanical knowledge. All papers aim to advance knowledge and make a difference to our understanding of plant science.
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