Acute effects of exercise on gaze fixation and affective response inhibition in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized cross-over study

IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Autism Research Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1002/aur.3224
Sebastian Ludyga, Fabienne Bruggisser, Rahel Leuenberger, Toru Ishihara, Keita Kamijo, Mark Brotzmann, Sarah Trescher, Markus Förster, Markus Gerber
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Abstract

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairments in response inhibition, especially in socio-emotional contexts. A single aerobic exercise session has the potential to temporarily reduce such impairments as findings from neurotypical children support acute benefits of this exercise type for inhibitory control and emotion recognition. In children with ASD, we therefore aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic exercise bout on response inhibition in an emotional Go/NoGo task and gaze fixation as possible mechanism underlying changes in performance. Using a cross-over design, 29 patients completed a 20-min aerobic exercise bout at moderate intensity on a cycling ergometer and a control condition in a randomized order. An emotional Go/NoGo task was administered before and after both experimental conditions. Eye-tracking was performed during the cognitive task to assess the duration of gaze fixation of eyes and mouth parts of faces expressing happy or sad emotions. The results support no beneficial effect of exercise on performance on the emotional Go/NoGo task. Instead, patients showed a greater decrease in accuracy on Go trials displaying happy faces in the exercise compared to the control condition. This change was associated with a more pronounced decrease in the fixation duration of the eyes for faces expressing either happy or sad emotions. In conclusion, while a single session of moderately intense aerobic exercise does not affect response inhibition, it temporarily aggravates ASD-specific deficits in the processing of and response to facial emotions.

Abstract Image

运动对自闭症谱系障碍儿童凝视固定和情感反应抑制的急性影响:随机交叉研究
患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的儿童在反应抑制方面表现出障碍,尤其是在社会情感方面。神经畸形儿童的研究结果表明,单次有氧运动有可能暂时减轻这种障碍,因为这种运动类型对抑制控制和情绪识别有急性益处。因此,在 ASD 儿童中,我们旨在研究有氧运动对情绪 Go/NoGo 任务中反应抑制的影响,以及作为成绩变化基础的凝视固定的可能机制。采用交叉设计,29 名患者以随机顺序在自行车测力计上完成了 20 分钟中等强度的有氧运动和对照条件。在两种实验条件前后都进行了情绪化 Go/NoGo 任务。在认知任务期间进行了眼动跟踪,以评估眼睛和嘴部凝视表达快乐或悲伤情绪的脸部的持续时间。结果表明,运动对情绪 Go/NoGo 任务的表现并无益处。相反,与对照组相比,运动组患者在显示快乐面孔的围棋试验中的准确率下降幅度更大。这种变化与患者在面对表达快乐或悲伤情绪的面孔时眼睛的凝视时间明显减少有关。总之,虽然单次中等强度的有氧运动不会影响反应抑制,但它会暂时加重 ASD 在面部情绪处理和反应方面的特异性缺陷。
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来源期刊
Autism Research
Autism Research 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
8.50%
发文量
187
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: AUTISM RESEARCH will cover the developmental disorders known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders (or autism spectrum disorders – ASDs). The Journal focuses on basic genetic, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms and how these influence developmental processes in ASDs.
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