Effects of T-2 and deoxynivalenol mycotoxins on mouse spinal bone growth and integrity

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108079

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Abstract

Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD), an osteoarticular disorder, is influenced by various factors, including exposure to Deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 mycotoxins. This study systematically explored the impact of these mycotoxins on the development and structural resilience of spinal structures in mice, examining both isolated and combined effects. The experiment involved 72 male mice divided into nine groups, each subjected to varying concentrations of T-2, DON, or their combinations over four weeks. Rigorous monitoring included body weight, key indicators of bone metabolism, and cellular activities essential to bone health. Comprehensive evaluations using biomechanical analysis, x-ray, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) were conducted to assess alterations in spinal structure.

The findings revealed a pivotal aspect: mice exhibited a dose-dependent decline in body weight when exposed to individual mycotoxins, while simultaneous exposure produced an unanticipated antagonistic effect. Moreover, decreases were noted in levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, coupled with changes in the activities of osteoblasts (increased) and osteoclasts (decreased), all intricately tied to the toxins' dosages and combinations. Notably, variations in the biomechanical properties corresponded with the mycotoxin dosage and blend, showing a decline in biomechanical strength. Micro-CT analyses further substantiated the profound toxic impact of the toxin dosage and mixtures on both the cortical and trabecular components of the spinal structures.

In summary, this investigation unequivocally illuminates the dose- and ratio-dependent deleterious impacts of DON and T-2 mycotoxins on the growth and structural soundness of spinal structures in mice. These findings highlight the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the potential hazards these toxins pose to bone health, providing invaluable guidance for future toxicological research and public health strategies.

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T-2和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇霉菌毒素对小鼠脊柱骨生长和完整性的影响

卡辛-贝克病（KBD）是一种骨关节疾病，受多种因素影响，包括接触脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和T-2霉菌毒素。这项研究系统地探讨了这些霉菌毒素对小鼠脊柱结构的发育和结构复原力的影响，同时研究了单独影响和综合影响。72 只雄性小鼠被分成九组，每组在四周内分别摄入不同浓度的 T-2、DON 或它们的组合。严格的监测包括体重、骨骼新陈代谢的关键指标以及对骨骼健康至关重要的细胞活动。使用生物力学分析、X 射线和微型计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）进行了综合评估，以评估脊柱结构的变化。研究结果揭示了一个关键方面：当小鼠暴露于单种霉菌毒素时，其体重会出现剂量依赖性下降，而同时暴露则会产生意想不到的拮抗作用。此外，小鼠体内的钙、磷和维生素 D 含量也有所下降，成骨细胞（增加）和破骨细胞（减少）的活动也发生了变化，所有这些都与毒素的剂量和组合密切相关。值得注意的是，生物力学特性的变化与霉菌毒素的剂量和混合物相对应，显示出生物力学强度的下降。显微 CT 分析进一步证实了毒素剂量和混合物对脊柱结构的皮质和小梁成分产生了深远的毒性影响。总之，这项研究明确揭示了DON和T-2霉菌毒素对小鼠生长和脊柱结构健全性的有害影响与剂量和比例有关。这些发现突出表明，迫切需要全面了解这些毒素对骨骼健康造成的潜在危害，从而为未来的毒理学研究和公共卫生战略提供宝贵的指导。

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来源期刊

Toxicon 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

10.70%

发文量

358

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： Toxicon has an open access mirror Toxicon: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. An introductory offer Toxicon: X - full waiver of the Open Access fee. Toxicon''s "aims and scope" are to publish: -articles containing the results of original research on problems related to toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms -papers on novel findings related to the chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and immunological properties of natural toxins -molecular biological studies of toxins and other genes from poisonous and venomous organisms that advance understanding of the role or function of toxins -clinical observations on poisoning and envenoming where a new therapeutic principle has been proposed or a decidedly superior clinical result has been obtained. -material on the use of toxins as tools in studying biological processes and material on subjects related to venom and antivenom problems. -articles on the translational application of toxins, for example as drugs and insecticides -epidemiological studies on envenoming or poisoning, so long as they highlight a previously unrecognised medical problem or provide insight into the prevention or medical treatment of envenoming or poisoning. Retrospective surveys of hospital records, especially those lacking species identification, will not be considered for publication. Properly designed prospective community-based surveys are strongly encouraged. -articles describing well-known activities of venoms, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and analgesic activities of arachnid venoms, without any attempt to define the mechanism of action or purify the active component, will not be considered for publication in Toxicon. -review articles on problems related to toxinology. To encourage the exchange of ideas, sections of the journal may be devoted to Short Communications, Letters to the Editor and activities of the affiliated societies.