The circulation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between humans, horses and the environment at the equine clinic.

IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Aneta Papouskova, Zuzana Drabkova, Marie Brajerova, Marcela Krutova, Alois Cizek, Jan Tkadlec
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Abstract

Objectives: We performed a retrospective analysis of MRSA isolates collected at the university equine clinic including clinical isolates from 2008 to 2021 and screening environmental, equine and personnel isolates from 2016.

Methods: Screening and clinical samples were cultured on Brilliance MRSA 2 and Columbia agar (Oxoid), respectively, with enrichment for environmental samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disc diffusion. All the isolates were characterized by spa typing. Eighteen selected isolates were subjected to WGS with subsequent wgMLST clonal analysis.

Results: Among 75 MRSA isolates, five spa types were identified, the majority (n = 67; 89.33%) was t011. All isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and ampicillin and carried the mecA gene. In addition, the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (n = 74; 98.67%), gentamicin (n = 70; 93.33%), enrofloxacin (n = 54; 72.00%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (n = 5; 6.67%) and lincomycin (n = 3; 4.00%) with corresponding genetic markers for the resistance detected in the sequenced isolates. All 18 sequenced isolates belonged to ST398, 16 carried SCCmec type IVa and two carried SCCmec type Vc (5C2&5). Further, isolates carried aur, hlgA, hlgB and hlgC virulence genes, and five isolates carried sak and scn genes, which are part of the immune evasion cluster. Close genetic relatedness was found between isolates from the staff of the clinic and clinical samples of horses.

Conclusions: Repeated introduction and long-term persistence of the equine LA-MRSA subclone (ST398-MRSA-IVa/Vc(5C2&5), t011) among the infected horses at the equine clinic with the colonization of personnel, and the environment contamination that might contribute to transmission were observed.

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在人、马和马诊所环境之间的传播。
目的:我们对大学马科诊所收集的 MRSA 分离物进行了回顾性分析,包括 2008 年至 2021 年的临床分离物和 2016 年的环境和人员分离物筛查:我们对大学马科诊所收集的 MRSA 分离物进行了回顾性分析,包括 2008 年至 2021 年的临床分离物和 2016 年的筛查环境、马和人员分离物:筛选样本和临床样本分别在 Brilliance MRSA 2 琼脂和哥伦比亚琼脂(Oxoid)上进行培养,并对环境样本进行富集。抗菌药敏感性通过碟片扩散法进行评估。所有分离物均通过 spa 分型鉴定。对挑选出的 18 个分离株进行了 WGS 检测,随后进行了 wgMLST 克隆分析:结果:在 75 个 MRSA 分离物中,确定了 5 种 spa 类型,其中大多数(n = 67;89.33%)为 t011。所有分离株都对头孢西丁和氨苄西林耐药,并携带 mecA 基因。此外,分离物还对四环素(74 个;98.67%)、庆大霉素(70 个;93.33%)、恩诺沙星(54 个;72.00%)、磺胺甲噁唑-三甲双嘧啶(5 个;6.67%)和林可霉素(3 个;4.00%)耐药,并在测序分离物中检测到相应的耐药基因标记。所有 18 个测序分离物都属于 ST398,16 个携带 SCCmec IVa 型,2 个携带 SCCmec Vc 型(5C2&5)。此外,分离物携带 aur、hlgA、hlgB 和 hlgC 毒力基因,5 个分离物携带 sak 和 scn 基因,这些基因是免疫逃避群的一部分。从诊所工作人员和马匹临床样本中分离出的病毒之间存在密切的遗传亲缘关系:结论:研究发现,马LA-MRSA亚克隆(ST398-MRSA-IVa/Vc(5C2&5), t011)在马诊所受感染的马匹中反复传入并长期存在,同时人员和环境污染也可能造成传播。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
5.80%
发文量
423
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal publishes articles that further knowledge and advance the science and application of antimicrobial chemotherapy with antibiotics and antifungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal agents. The Journal publishes primarily in human medicine, and articles in veterinary medicine likely to have an impact on global health.
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