Safety and Postoperative Outcomes of Transoral Surgery for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma in Older Adults.

Abstract

Importance: Transoral surgery (TOS) has become the primary surgical treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). However, despite the increasing incidence of OPSCC in older patients, data regarding the safety and postoperative outcomes of TOS in this subgroup are lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and postoperative outcomes of TOS in patients with OPSCC aged 70 years or older compared with younger individuals.

Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with microscopic diagnostic confirmation of invasive OPSCC diagnosed between 2010 and 2021. Data were obtained from the US National Cancer Database. Data were analyzed in March 2024.

Exposure: Minimally invasive TOS not converted to an open approach.

Main outcomes and measures: Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were constructed to compare postoperative outcomes, adjusting for baseline patient and tumor characteristics. The results are reported as odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences with corresponding 95% CI, as appropriate.

Results: A total of 10 430 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [9.6] years; 8744 [83.8%] male) were included, with 1808 patients (17.3%) aged at least 70 years. No clinically meaningful difference was observed in terms of postoperative mortality at 30 days (adjusted OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.65-2.33) or 90 days (adjusted OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.65-1.87). Patients aged 70 years or older were less likely to undergo adjuvant radiotherapy (adjusted OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.83) and chemotherapy (adjusted OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51-0.77). In addition, the adjuvant treatment was more frequently not administered in the older population due to patient refusal or comorbidities, despite being clinically indicated (radiotherapy: adjusted OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.05-1.77; chemotherapy: adjusted OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.17-2.45). No meaningful differences were observed regarding the remaining study outcomes, apart from a slightly longer hospitalization time for older patients, with an adjusted mean difference of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.05-0.74) days.

Conclusions and relevance: Findings from this study suggest that age was not independently associated with postoperative mortality in older patients undergoing TOS for OPSCC. However, older patients less frequently received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy compared with younger patients, and future studies should be conducted to examine the impact on long-term survival.