Unique content of breastmilk: neurotrophic growth factors in breastmilk at 2 years and beyond.

IF 3 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

European Journal of Pediatrics Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1007/s00431-024-05732-y

Öykü Özbörü Aşkan, Fatma Hande Karpuzoğlu, Alev Bakır Kayı, Tülin Ayşe Özden, Gülbin Gökçay, Gonca Keskindemirci

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Abstract

The aim of our study was to show the presence of neurotrophic factors in breast milk that have a significant impact on neurocognitive development of children aged two years and beyond. Mothers expressed at least 5 mL of breast milk into sterile containers when their children 18, 24, and ≥ 25 months of age, and then specimens were transferred to Eppendorf tubes and stored at -20 °C. One day before the analysis, specimens were kept at +4 °C and then thawed at room temperature to prepare them for analysis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and S100B neurotrophic growth factor levels were analyzed using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principles. Sixty-two mothers with children aged 18 months were included in the study. The mean age of the mothers was 33.4 (± 0.71) years. Due to the detection limits of the commercial kits, BDNF and S100B analyses could not be conducted. Therefore, only GDNF was analyzed. The presence of GDNF was found in the breast milk samples taken at 18, 24, and ≥ 25 months, and the median (min max) values were 315,505 ng/mL (193,067 750,718), 316,721 ng/mL (161,278 l-752,252), and 564,577 ng/mL (238,528-781,104) respectively. There were no significant differences between GDNF levels of breast milk samples collected from the same mother at the three different time points (18, 24, and ≥ 25 months) (p = 0.278). Conclusion: Our study was the first to show the presence of neurotrophic factors in the breast milk of mothers with healthy children over one year of age. Our results provide evidence-based data on the importance of breastfeeding until children are at least two years of age. What is Known: • Presence of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and S100B neurotrophic growth factor have been shown in the breast milk of mothers whose infants are the first year of life. What is New: • Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic factors continue to present in breast milk of mothers with children aged 18, 24, and ≥ 25 months, without any significant difference in level between months.

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母乳的独特成分：2 岁及以后母乳中的神经营养生长因子。

我们研究的目的是显示母乳中存在对两岁及两岁以上儿童神经认知发育有重要影响的神经营养因子。母亲在孩子 18 个月、24 个月和≥ 25 个月时将至少 5 毫升母乳挤入无菌容器中，然后将标本转移到 Eppendorf 管中并保存在 -20 °C。分析前一天，将标本保存在 +4 °C，然后在室温下解冻，以备分析。采用夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）原理分析脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子（GDNF）和 S100B 神经营养生长因子的水平。研究共纳入了 62 位母亲和 18 个月大的孩子。母亲的平均年龄为 33.4 (± 0.71)岁。由于商业试剂盒的检测限，无法进行 BDNF 和 S100B 分析。因此，只分析了 GDNF。在 18 个月、24 个月和≥ 25 个月的母乳样本中发现了 GDNF，中位值（最小值最大值）分别为 315,505 纳克/毫升（193,067-750,718）、316,721 纳克/毫升（161,278 l-752,252）和 564,577 纳克/毫升（238,528-781,104）。同一母亲在三个不同时间点（18 个月、24 个月和≥ 25 个月）采集的母乳样本中的 GDNF 水平无明显差异（p = 0.278）。结论我们的研究首次表明，一岁以上健康儿童的母亲母乳中存在神经营养因子。我们的研究结果提供了以证据为基础的数据，说明母乳喂养对孩子至少两岁前的重要性。已知信息- 婴儿出生后第一年的母亲的母乳中含有脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子（GDNF）和 S100B 神经营养生长因子。新发现- 神经胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子继续存在于有 18 个月、24 个月和≥ 25 个月婴儿的母亲的母乳中，不同月份之间的含量无明显差异。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Pediatrics 医学-小儿科

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

2.80%

发文量

367

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Pediatrics (EJPE) is a leading peer-reviewed medical journal which covers the entire field of pediatrics. The editors encourage authors to submit original articles, reviews, short communications, and correspondence on all relevant themes and topics. EJPE is particularly committed to the publication of articles on important new clinical research that will have an immediate impact on clinical pediatric practice. The editorial office very much welcomes ideas for publications, whether individual articles or article series, that fit this goal and is always willing to address inquiries from authors regarding potential submissions. Invited review articles on clinical pediatrics that provide comprehensive coverage of a subject of importance are also regularly commissioned. The short publication time reflects both the commitment of the editors and publishers and their passion for new developments in the field of pediatrics. EJPE is active on social media (@EurJPediatrics) and we invite you to participate. EJPE is the official journal of the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP) and publishes guidelines and statements in cooperation with the EAP.