Nuclear structures and their emerging roles in cell differentiation and development.

IF 2.9 3区 生物学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
BMB Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-01
Hye Ji Cha
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The nucleus, a highly organized and dynamic organelle, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes. During cell differentiation, profound changes occur in gene expression, chromatin organization, and nuclear morphology. This review explores the intricate relationship between nuclear architecture and cellular function, focusing on the roles of the nuclear lamina, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), sub-nuclear bodies, and the nuclear scaffold. These components collectively maintain nuclear integrity, organize chromatin, and interact with key regulatory factors. The dynamic remodeling of chromatin, its interactions with nuclear structures, and epigenetic modifications work in concert to modulate gene accessibility and ensure precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression. The nuclear lamina stabilizes nuclear shape and is associated with inactive chromatin regions, while NPCs facilitate selective transport. Sub-nuclear bodies contribute to genome organization and gene regulation, often by influencing RNA processing. The nuclear scaffold provides structural support, impacting 3D genome organization, which is crucial for proper gene expression during differentiation. This review underscores the significance of nuclear architecture in regulating gene expression and guiding cell differentiation. Further investigation into nuclear structure and 3D genome organization will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms governing cell fate determination. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(9): 381-387].

核结构及其在细胞分化和发育中的新作用
细胞核是一个高度组织化且充满活力的细胞器,在调节细胞过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。在细胞分化过程中,基因表达、染色质组织和核形态都会发生深刻变化。本综述探讨了核结构与细胞功能之间错综复杂的关系,重点是核薄层、核孔复合体(NPC)、核下体和核支架的作用。这些成分共同维护核完整性、组织染色质并与关键调控因子相互作用。染色质的动态重塑、染色质与核结构的相互作用以及表观遗传修饰共同调节基因的可及性,确保对基因表达进行精确的时空控制。核薄层可稳定核形状,并与不活跃的染色质区域相关联,而核小体则有助于选择性运输。核下体通常通过影响 RNA 的加工过程,促进基因组的组织和基因调控。核支架提供结构支持,影响三维基因组的组织,这对分化过程中正确的基因表达至关重要。这篇综述强调了核结构在调控基因表达和指导细胞分化方面的重要意义。对核结构和三维基因组组织的进一步研究将加深我们对细胞命运决定机制的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMB Reports
BMB Reports 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
7.90%
发文量
141
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The BMB Reports (BMB Rep, established in 1968) is published at the end of every month by Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Copyright is reserved by the Society. The journal publishes short articles and mini reviews. We expect that the BMB Reports will deliver the new scientific findings and knowledge to our readers in fast and timely manner.
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