Thriving in a salty future: morpho-anatomical, physiological, and molecular adaptations to salt stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and other crops.

IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Xu Liu, J Theo M Elzenga, Jan Henk Venema, Kira J Tiedge
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: With soil salinity levels rising at an alarming rate, accelerated by climate change and human interventions, there is a growing need for crop varieties that can grow on saline soils. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a cool-season perennial leguminous crop, commonly grown as forage, biofuel feedstock, and soil conditioner. It demonstrates significant potential for agricultural circularity and sustainability, for example by fixing nitrogen, sequestering carbon, and improving soil structures. Although alfalfa is traditionally regarded as moderately salt-tolerant species, modern alfalfa varieties display specific salt-tolerance mechanisms, which could be used to pave alfalfa's role as a leading crop able to grow on saline soils.

Scope: Alfalfa's salt tolerance underlies a large variety of cascading biochemical and physiological mechanisms. These are partly enabled by alfalfa's complex genome structure and out-crossing nature, which on the other hand entail impediments for molecular and genetic studies. This review first summarizes the general effects of salinity on plants and the broad-ranging mechanisms for dealing with salt-induced osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and secondary stress. Secondly, we address defensive and adaptive strategies that have been described for alfalfa, such as the plasticity of alfalfa's root system, hormonal crosstalk for maintaining ion homeostasis, spatiotemporal specialized metabolite profiles, and the protection of alfalfa-rhizobia associations. Finally, bottlenecks for research of the physiological and molecular salt-stress responses as well as biotechnology-driven improvements of salt tolerance are identified and discussed.

Conclusion: Understanding morpho-anatomical, physiological, and molecular responses to salinity is essential for the improvement of alfalfa and other crops in saline land reclamation. This review identifies potential breeding targets for enhancing alfalfa performance stability and general crop robustness for rising salt levels as well as to promote alfalfa applications in saline land management.

在多盐的未来茁壮成长:紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)和其他作物对盐胁迫的形态解剖、生理和分子适应。
背景:随着土壤盐碱化水平以惊人的速度上升,气候变化和人为干预又加速了这一速度,人们越来越需要能够在盐碱地上生长的作物品种。紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是一种冷季型多年生豆科作物,通常用作饲料、生物燃料原料和土壤改良剂。它通过固氮、固碳和改善土壤结构等方式,在农业循环性和可持续性方面展现出巨大的潜力。虽然紫花苜蓿传统上被认为是中等耐盐的品种,但现代紫花苜蓿品种显示出特殊的耐盐机制,可用于将紫花苜蓿培育成能够在盐碱地上生长的主要作物:紫花苜蓿的耐盐性是由多种级联生化和生理机制决定的。紫花苜蓿复杂的基因组结构和外源杂交特性在一定程度上促成了这些机制的形成,但另一方面也给分子和遗传研究带来了障碍。本综述首先概述了盐分对植物的一般影响,以及应对盐分引起的渗透胁迫、离子毒性和次生胁迫的广泛机制。其次,我们介绍了紫花苜蓿的防御和适应策略,如紫花苜蓿根系的可塑性、维持离子平衡的激素串扰、时空特异代谢物谱以及紫花苜蓿-根瘤菌联合体的保护。最后,确定并讨论了生理和分子盐胁迫反应研究的瓶颈,以及生物技术驱动的耐盐性改进:结论:了解形态解剖、生理和分子对盐度的反应对改良紫花苜蓿和其他盐碱地开垦作物至关重要。本综述确定了潜在的育种目标,以提高紫花苜蓿在盐度升高时的表现稳定性和一般作物的健壮性,并促进紫花苜蓿在盐碱地管理中的应用。
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来源期刊
Annals of botany
Annals of botany 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
4.80%
发文量
138
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Annals of Botany is an international plant science journal publishing novel and rigorous research in all areas of plant science. It is published monthly in both electronic and printed forms with at least two extra issues each year that focus on a particular theme in plant biology. The Journal is managed by the Annals of Botany Company, a not-for-profit educational charity established to promote plant science worldwide. The Journal publishes original research papers, invited and submitted review articles, ''Research in Context'' expanding on original work, ''Botanical Briefings'' as short overviews of important topics, and ''Viewpoints'' giving opinions. All papers in each issue are summarized briefly in Content Snapshots , there are topical news items in the Plant Cuttings section and Book Reviews . A rigorous review process ensures that readers are exposed to genuine and novel advances across a wide spectrum of botanical knowledge. All papers aim to advance knowledge and make a difference to our understanding of plant science.
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