Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Bronwyn Cahill, Bita Sabbaghzadeh, Jannine M. Lencina-Avila, Gregor Rehder
{"title":"Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification","authors":"Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr.,&nbsp;Bronwyn Cahill,&nbsp;Bita Sabbaghzadeh,&nbsp;Jannine M. Lencina-Avila,&nbsp;Gregor Rehder","doi":"10.1002/lno.12672","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Total alkalinity (TA) has increased in the Baltic Sea, with implications for atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>-induced acidification and CO<sub>2</sub> uptake. We compiled extensive data of TA in surface waters of the Baltic Sea, aiming to (i) identify new tendencies in the relationship between TA and salinity (TA–S relationship), (ii) update the TA trend analysis, (iii) investigate spatial–temporal patterns, and (iv) discuss potential drivers and implications. We observed a progressive decrease in the slopes and increase in the intercepts of the TA–S overtime due to the persistent process of TA enhancement. A weak seasonal pattern was identified, with warmer months presenting lower salinity and TA. Lower rates of TA increase were observed in high salinities (Skagerrak–Kattegat; +1.00 to +2.20 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), intermediate trends in low salinities (Gulf of Bothnia; +3.28 to +3.57 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), and maximal trends in the Central Baltic Sea (+3.70 to +4.57 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) and Bornholm Basin (+4.82 to +5.32 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). The increase in the intercept of the TA–S in the Gulf of Bothnia suggests a progressive increase in the external supply of TA, although lower than previously thought. The maximum trend in the Bornholm Basin suggests an increase in external supply from the Southern catchment and/or the accumulation of internal production. The positive TA–phosphorus correlations underscore a significant internal source. The TA increase amplifies the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by 1.8–7.8% during spring/summer and reduces the CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing by 3.4–7.7% in autumn/winter. The TA enhancement has the potential to buffer CO<sub>2</sub>-induced acidification by 39–60% by 2050.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.12672","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Limnology and Oceanography","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.12672","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"LIMNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Total alkalinity (TA) has increased in the Baltic Sea, with implications for atmospheric CO2-induced acidification and CO2 uptake. We compiled extensive data of TA in surface waters of the Baltic Sea, aiming to (i) identify new tendencies in the relationship between TA and salinity (TA–S relationship), (ii) update the TA trend analysis, (iii) investigate spatial–temporal patterns, and (iv) discuss potential drivers and implications. We observed a progressive decrease in the slopes and increase in the intercepts of the TA–S overtime due to the persistent process of TA enhancement. A weak seasonal pattern was identified, with warmer months presenting lower salinity and TA. Lower rates of TA increase were observed in high salinities (Skagerrak–Kattegat; +1.00 to +2.20 μmol kg−1 yr−1), intermediate trends in low salinities (Gulf of Bothnia; +3.28 to +3.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1), and maximal trends in the Central Baltic Sea (+3.70 to +4.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1) and Bornholm Basin (+4.82 to +5.32 μmol kg−1 yr−1). The increase in the intercept of the TA–S in the Gulf of Bothnia suggests a progressive increase in the external supply of TA, although lower than previously thought. The maximum trend in the Bornholm Basin suggests an increase in external supply from the Southern catchment and/or the accumulation of internal production. The positive TA–phosphorus correlations underscore a significant internal source. The TA increase amplifies the CO2 uptake by 1.8–7.8% during spring/summer and reduces the CO2 outgassing by 3.4–7.7% in autumn/winter. The TA enhancement has the potential to buffer CO2-induced acidification by 39–60% by 2050.

Abstract Image

边海碱度增加可能影响海气二氧化碳交换和缓冲酸化
波罗的海的总碱度(TA)有所增加,这对大气中二氧化碳引起的酸化和二氧化碳吸收产生了影响。我们汇编了波罗的海表层海水总碱度的大量数据,旨在(i)确定总碱度与盐度之间关系(TA-S 关系)的新趋势,(ii)更新总碱度趋势分析,(iii)研究时空模式,以及(iv)讨论潜在的驱动因素和影响。我们观察到,随着时间的推移,TA-S 关系的斜率逐渐减小,截距逐渐增大,这是由于 TA 的持续增强过程所致。我们还发现了一个微弱的季节性模式,在较暖的月份,盐度和 TA 值都较低。在高盐度地区(斯卡格拉克-卡特加特;+1.00 至 +2.20 μmol kg-1 yr-1)观察到较低的 TA 增长率,在低盐度地区(波的尼亚湾;+3.28 至 +3.57 μmol kg-1 yr-1)观察到中等趋势,在波罗的海中部(+3.70 至 +4.57 μmol kg-1 yr-1)和博恩霍尔姆海盆(+4.82 至 +5.32 μmol kg-1 yr-1)观察到最大趋势。波的尼亚湾 TA-S 截距的增加表明,TA 的外部供应量在逐渐增加,尽管比以前认为的要低。博恩霍尔姆海盆中的最大趋势表明,来自南部集水区的外部供应和/或内部生产的积累有所增加。TA 与磷的正相关性强调了重要的内部来源。在春夏季,TA 的增加使二氧化碳吸收量增加了 1.8-7.8%,并使秋冬季的二氧化碳排出量减少了 3.4-7.7%。到2050年,TA的增加有可能将二氧化碳引起的酸化缓冲39-60%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信