Gulf Stream intrusion and deep current upwelling drive dynamic patterns of temperature and food supply within cold-water coral reefs

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Jane V. Carrick, Furu Mienis, Erik E. Cordes, Amanda W.J. Demopoulos, Andrew J. Davies
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Abstract

One of the most significant features of the Northwest Atlantic, the Gulf Stream influences high magnitude environmental fluctuations in deep habitats across the South Atlantic Bight. Amid this variability, the Blake Plateau harbors extensive reefs formed by cold-water corals that were previously assumed to rely on narrow ranges of temperature, currents, and particulate supply. A benthic lander collected near-bed conditions at the Richardson Reef Complex, a cold-water reef dominated by the scleractinian Desmophyllum pertusum at 830 m within the path of the Gulf Stream. Specific behavior of the Gulf Stream resulted in recurring environmental patterns at depth. During offshore meanders, deep stream components intruded onto the reef and caused rapid (3.74°C per hour) temperature increases up to 10.8°C (> 5°C above the site mean) and increased chlorophyll. Within 2 d of peak temperatures, intrusions were replaced by strong, turbid upwelling currents that rapidly cooled the site to temperature minima (4.13°C). While considerable environmental variability from the Gulf Stream may otherwise implicate a thermally stressful setting for corals, high-temperature events were likely mitigated by their short duration (< 37.4 h) and physical coupling with enhanced organic material. This hypothesis was supported by high-density clustering of D. pertusum occurrences within 50 km around the Gulf Stream's position along the South Atlantic Bight. This suggests that cold-water corals experiencing environmental variability can be sustained by relationships between food supply, temperature, and currents that vary in strength along stochastic time scales, shedding further light on the niche of cold-water corals.

湾流入侵和深流上升流驱动冷水珊瑚礁内温度和食物供应的动态模式
湾流是西北大西洋最重要的特征之一,它影响着整个南大西洋海湾深层栖息地的高幅度环境波动。在这种变化中,布莱克高原蕴藏着大量由冷水珊瑚形成的珊瑚礁,这些珊瑚礁以前被认为依赖于狭窄的温度、海流和微粒供应范围。底栖着陆器收集了理查德森珊瑚礁群的近床情况,该珊瑚礁群是一个冷水珊瑚礁,以硬骨鱼类 Desmophyllum pertusum 为主,位于湾流路径内 830 米处。湾流的特殊行为导致了深度环境模式的反复出现。在离岸蜿蜒过程中,深流成分侵入珊瑚礁,导致温度快速上升(每小时 3.74°C),最高达 10.8°C(比现场平均温度高 5°C),叶绿素增加。在气温达到峰值的 2 天内,入侵的气流被强大、浑浊的上升流所取代,这些上升流迅速将礁石降温至最低温度(4.13°C)。虽然湾流带来的巨大环境变化可能会给珊瑚带来热应力,但高温事件很可能因其持续时间短(37.4 小时)以及与增强的有机物质的物理耦合而得到缓解。在南大西洋海湾湾流位置周围 50 公里范围内高密度聚集的 D. pertusum 也支持这一假设。这表明,经历环境变异的冷水珊瑚可以通过食物供应、温度和海流之间的关系来维持,这些关系的强度随随机时间尺度的变化而变化,进一步揭示了冷水珊瑚的生态位。
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来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
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