Treatment of malignant melanoma with coxsackievirus A21 (V937): An emerging oncolytic virotherapy

IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 DERMATOLOGY
Goranit Sakunchotpanit, Mihir K. Patil, Kaushik Venkatesh, Thomas Z. Rohan, Debby Cheng, Vinod E. Nambudiri
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Abstract

Despite rising melanoma incidence in recent decades, there is a trend towards overall decreased mortality, reflecting multiple factors including improved treatment options for metastatic disease. While local treatments are the mainstay for early-stage melanoma, metastatic disease necessitates systemic treatment, with oncolytic virotherapy emerging as a promising option. For this review, articles were retrieved from PubMed from 1964 through 2024. We conducted title, abstract and full-text screening in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify articles describing the use of coxsackievirus A21 (V937), either as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy for malignant melanoma. Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria, offering preclinical and clinical data on V937's efficacy in reducing tumour burden. In addition to reporting manageable safety profiles, clinical trial data examining intratumoral V937 combination therapy with pembrolizumab and ipilimumab also endorsed favourable objective response rates compared to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy (47% vs. 38% and 21% vs. 10%, respectively). In contrast, intravenous V937 monotherapy failed to yield additional benefit in a cohort of patients with Stage IIIC/IV melanoma (n = 3) despite achieving detectable levels in tumour tissue (1 × 109 TCID50). Although small subsets of patients experienced severe adverse effects and study design limitations imposed constraints on collected data, evidence for the efficacy of V937 remains encouraging. With few clinical trials evaluating V937 in melanoma, additional data is required before routine usage in standard treatment for metastatic lesions.

Abstract Image

用柯萨奇病毒 A21 (V937) 治疗恶性黑色素瘤:一种新兴的溶瘤病毒疗法
尽管近几十年来黑色素瘤发病率不断上升,但总体死亡率却呈下降趋势,这反映了多种因素,包括转移性疾病治疗方案的改进。早期黑色素瘤主要采用局部治疗,而转移性疾病则需要全身治疗,其中溶瘤病毒疗法是一种很有前景的选择。本综述从 PubMed 上检索了 1964 年至 2024 年的文章。我们根据《系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目》指南对文章的标题、摘要和全文进行了筛选,以确定描述柯萨奇病毒 A21 (V937) 用于恶性黑色素瘤单药治疗或联合治疗的文章。15篇文章符合纳入标准,提供了V937在减轻肿瘤负荷方面的临床前和临床数据。除报告了可控的安全性外,研究V937与pembrolizumab和ipilimumab的瘤内联合疗法的临床试验数据还显示,与免疫检查点抑制剂单药疗法相比,V937的客观反应率较高(分别为47%对38%和21%对10%)。相比之下,静脉注射V937单药治疗未能在IIIC/IV期黑色素瘤患者队列(n = 3)中产生额外的益处,尽管在肿瘤组织中达到了可检测的水平(1 × 109 TCID50)。虽然有一小部分患者出现了严重的不良反应,而且研究设计的局限性也对收集的数据造成了限制,但V937的疗效证据仍然令人鼓舞。由于评估V937治疗黑色素瘤的临床试验很少,因此在将其常规用于转移性病灶的标准治疗之前还需要更多的数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Experimental Dermatology
Experimental Dermatology 医学-皮肤病学
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.60%
发文量
201
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Experimental Dermatology provides a vehicle for the rapid publication of innovative and definitive reports, letters to the editor and review articles covering all aspects of experimental dermatology. Preference is given to papers of immediate importance to other investigators, either by virtue of their new methodology, experimental data or new ideas. The essential criteria for publication are clarity, experimental soundness and novelty. Letters to the editor related to published reports may also be accepted, provided that they are short and scientifically relevant to the reports mentioned, in order to provide a continuing forum for discussion. Review articles represent a state-of-the-art overview and are invited by the editors.
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