Effectiveness of nutritional supplements (vitamins, minerals, omega-3, and probiotics) in preventing and treating COVID-19 and viral respiratory infections

IF 1.9 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
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Abstract

Background

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) continue to be among the most common illnesses and are known to be one of the main reasons of medical consultations worldwide.

COVID-19 remains a major public concern and a threat to global health. The current focus lies on the pivotal role of the human host's immunologic response in combating viral threats.

This critical review aims to examine the current evidence on the potential benefit of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral respiratory infections (VRIs).

Methods

The study was performed in the Google-Scholar and PubMed databases with a main emphasis on publications between January 2000 and September 2023. Consequently, a total of 202 articles were included in this literature review, distributed as follows: 62 meta-analyses and systematic reviews, 20 randomized clinical trials, 11 clinical trials, 28 observational cohorts and 81 others. Of these, 44 % were published between 2020 and 2023.

Results

The research indicates that Vitamin C may have a mitigating effect on VRIs, whereas a deficiency in Vitamin D might heighten susceptibility to COVID-19. Understanding the roles of Vitamins A, B, and E is hampered by limited data availability. Zinc supplementation and probiotics emerge as potential preventive measures for both COVID-19 and VRIs, with selenium and magnesium demonstrating promising results in treating VRIs. The recommendation for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for COVID-19 treatment awaits further evidence.

Conclusion

Currently, there is insufficient clinical evidence to definitively establish the efficacy of vitamin, mineral, probiotic and/or omega-3 supplementation for combating COVID-19 and VRIs.

营养补充剂(维生素、矿物质、欧米茄-3 和益生菌)对预防和治疗 COVID-19 和病毒性呼吸道感染的效果
背景病毒性呼吸道感染(VRIs)仍然是最常见的疾病之一,也是全球就诊的主要原因之一。本综述旨在研究营养补充剂在预防和治疗 COVID-19 和病毒性呼吸道感染(VRIs)方面的潜在益处的现有证据。方法本研究在 Google-Scholar 和 PubMed 数据库中进行,主要关注 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 9 月期间的出版物。因此,本文献综述共收录了 202 篇文章,其分布情况如下:62 篇荟萃分析和系统综述、20 篇随机临床试验、11 篇临床试验、28 篇观察性队列和 81 篇其他文章。研究结果表明,维生素 C 可能对 VRIs 有缓解作用,而缺乏维生素 D 可能会增加对 COVID-19 的易感性。由于可用数据有限,对维生素 A、B 和 E 作用的了解受到阻碍。锌补充剂和益生菌是治疗 COVID-19 和 VRI 的潜在预防措施,而硒和镁在治疗 VRI 方面也显示出良好的效果。结论目前,还没有足够的临床证据来确定补充维生素、矿物质、益生菌和/或欧米加-3对防治 COVID-19 和 VRIs 的疗效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Human Nutrition and Metabolism
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
审稿时长
188 days
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