Andreas Frithioff , Kenneth Weiss , Pascal Senn , Peter Trier Mikkelsen , Mads Sølvsten Sørensen , David Bue Pedersen , Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen
{"title":"3D-printed temporal bone models for training: Does material transparency matter?","authors":"Andreas Frithioff , Kenneth Weiss , Pascal Senn , Peter Trier Mikkelsen , Mads Sølvsten Sørensen , David Bue Pedersen , Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112059","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate the impact of 3D-printed temporal bone models with two different material transparencies on trainees’ mastoidectomy performance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eleven ORL residents performed two anatomical mastoidectomies with posterior tympanotomy on two 3D-printed models with different transparency and VR simulation training. Participants where divided into two groups based on their experience. Within each group participants were randomized to start with the model printed in a completely opaque material or in a material featuring some degree of transparency. After drilling on 3D-printed models, the participants performed two similar mastoidectomies on human cadavers: one on the left side of one cadaver and one on the right side of another cadaver.</p><p>After drilling 3D-printed models and cadavers, the final-product performances were evaluated by two experienced raters using the 26-item modified Welling Scale. Participants also evaluated the models using a questionnaire.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, the participants performed 25 % better on the 3D-printed models featuring transparency compared to the opaque models (18.6 points vs 14.9 points, mean difference = 3.7, 95 % CI 2.0–5.3, P < 0.001)). This difference in performance was independent of which material the participants had drilled first. In addition, the residents also subjectively rated the transparent model to be closer to cadaver dissection. The experienced group starting with the 3D-printed models scored 21.5 points (95 % CI 20.0–23.1), while the group starting with VR simulation training score 18.4 points (95 % CI 16.6–20.3).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We propose that material used for 3D-printing temporal bone models should feature some degree of transparency, like natural bone, for trainees to learn and exploit key visual cues during drilling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 112059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165587624002131","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the impact of 3D-printed temporal bone models with two different material transparencies on trainees’ mastoidectomy performance.
Methods
Eleven ORL residents performed two anatomical mastoidectomies with posterior tympanotomy on two 3D-printed models with different transparency and VR simulation training. Participants where divided into two groups based on their experience. Within each group participants were randomized to start with the model printed in a completely opaque material or in a material featuring some degree of transparency. After drilling on 3D-printed models, the participants performed two similar mastoidectomies on human cadavers: one on the left side of one cadaver and one on the right side of another cadaver.
After drilling 3D-printed models and cadavers, the final-product performances were evaluated by two experienced raters using the 26-item modified Welling Scale. Participants also evaluated the models using a questionnaire.
Results
Overall, the participants performed 25 % better on the 3D-printed models featuring transparency compared to the opaque models (18.6 points vs 14.9 points, mean difference = 3.7, 95 % CI 2.0–5.3, P < 0.001)). This difference in performance was independent of which material the participants had drilled first. In addition, the residents also subjectively rated the transparent model to be closer to cadaver dissection. The experienced group starting with the 3D-printed models scored 21.5 points (95 % CI 20.0–23.1), while the group starting with VR simulation training score 18.4 points (95 % CI 16.6–20.3).
Conclusion
We propose that material used for 3D-printing temporal bone models should feature some degree of transparency, like natural bone, for trainees to learn and exploit key visual cues during drilling.
目的 研究两种不同材料透明度的 3D 打印颞骨模型对受训者乳突切除术表现的影响。方法 11 名手术室住院医师在两种不同透明度的 3D 打印模型上进行了两次解剖乳突切除术和鼓膜后切开术,并进行了 VR 模拟训练。根据经验将参与者分为两组。在每组中,参与者被随机分为两组,一开始使用完全不透明的材料打印模型,另一开始使用具有一定透明度的材料打印模型。在 3D 打印模型和尸体上钻孔后,两名经验丰富的评定员使用 26 项修改后的威灵量表对最终产品的性能进行了评估。结果总体而言,与不透明模型相比,参与者在透明 3D 打印模型上的表现要高出 25%(18.6 分 vs 14.9 分,平均差异 = 3.7,95 % CI 2.0-5.3,P <0.001))。这种成绩上的差异与参与者先钻研哪种材料无关。此外,住院医师还主观地认为透明模型更接近尸体解剖。从 3D 打印模型开始的经验组得分 21.5 分(95 % CI 20.0-23.1),而从 VR 模拟训练开始的组得分 18.4 分(95 % CI 16.6-20.3)。
期刊介绍:
The purpose of the International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology is to concentrate and disseminate information concerning prevention, cure and care of otorhinolaryngological disorders in infants and children due to developmental, degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, social, psychiatric and economic causes. The Journal provides a medium for clinical and basic contributions in all of the areas of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. This includes medical and surgical otology, bronchoesophagology, laryngology, rhinology, diseases of the head and neck, and disorders of communication, including voice, speech and language disorders.