Cellular Site-Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Synthetic Biology

IF 5.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Macromolecules Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00938

Wei Niu, Jiantao Guo

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Abstract

Over the past two decades, genetic code expansion (GCE)-enabled methods for incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins have significantly advanced the field of synthetic biology while also reaping substantial benefits from it. On one hand, they provide synthetic biologists with a powerful toolkit to enhance and diversify biological designs beyond natural constraints. Conversely, synthetic biology has not only propelled the development of ncAA incorporation through sophisticated tools and innovative strategies but also broadened its potential applications across various fields. This Review delves into the methodological advancements and primary applications of site-specific cellular incorporation of ncAAs in synthetic biology. The topics encompass expanding the genetic code through noncanonical codon addition, creating semiautonomous and autonomous organisms, designing regulatory elements, and manipulating and extending peptide natural product biosynthetic pathways. The Review concludes by examining the ongoing challenges and future prospects of GCE-enabled ncAA incorporation in synthetic biology and highlighting opportunities for further advancements in this rapidly evolving field.

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合成生物学中细胞特异位点的非简谐氨基酸整合

过去二十年来，通过遗传密码扩增（GCE）将非规范氨基酸（ncAAs）加入蛋白质的方法极大地推动了合成生物学领域的发展，同时也从中获得了巨大的收益。一方面，它们为合成生物学家提供了一个强大的工具包，使生物设计的增强和多样化超越了自然限制。另一方面，合成生物学不仅通过先进的工具和创新的策略推动了 ncAA 的发展，还拓宽了其在各个领域的潜在应用。本综述深入探讨了合成生物学中特定位点细胞整合 ncAA 的方法论进展和主要应用。主题包括通过非规范密码子添加扩展遗传密码、创建半自主和自主生物、设计调控元件以及操纵和扩展多肽天然产物生物合成途径。综述》最后探讨了在合成生物学中加入 GCE 所带来的挑战和未来前景，并强调了在这一快速发展的领域取得进一步进步的机遇。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Macromolecules 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

9.30

自引率

16.40%

发文量

942

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Macromolecules publishes original, fundamental, and impactful research on all aspects of polymer science. Topics of interest include synthesis (e.g., controlled polymerizations, polymerization catalysis, post polymerization modification, new monomer structures and polymer architectures, and polymerization mechanisms/kinetics analysis); phase behavior, thermodynamics, dynamic, and ordering/disordering phenomena (e.g., self-assembly, gelation, crystallization, solution/melt/solid-state characteristics); structure and properties (e.g., mechanical and rheological properties, surface/interfacial characteristics, electronic and transport properties); new state of the art characterization (e.g., spectroscopy, scattering, microscopy, rheology), simulation (e.g., Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, multi-scale/coarse-grained modeling), and theoretical methods. Renewable/sustainable polymers, polymer networks, responsive polymers, electro-, magneto- and opto-active macromolecules, inorganic polymers, charge-transporting polymers (ion-containing, semiconducting, and conducting), nanostructured polymers, and polymer composites are also of interest. Typical papers published in Macromolecules showcase important and innovative concepts, experimental methods/observations, and theoretical/computational approaches that demonstrate a fundamental advance in the understanding of polymers.