Understanding dental caries in adults: A cross-sectional examination of risk factors and dietary behaviors

Abstract

Aim

This study aimed to assess dental caries levels, as indicated by the Decay-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and identify risk factors and dietary behaviors associated with DMFT.

Material and Methods

A cross-sectional study of 402 adults (aged 18–70) was conducted in 2022, involving individuals attending oral health outpatient centers selected through random sampling. Participants completed a validated nutrition questionnaire to assess dental caries risk factors, and DMFT index assessments were performed at dental centers. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to determine the factors influencing the DMFT index.

Results

The majority of the patients (40.3%) fell into the category of “High DMFT index” with a score of >13.9. The “very low DMFT index” group had the lowest percentage among the patients (11.90%). Higher education levels were associated with lower DMFT scores. Among oral health behaviors, frequent tooth brushing and mouthwash use showed the highest association with lower DMFT scores. Conversely, higher consumption of sugary evening snacks, sweetened drinks during evening meals, between-meal snacks, sweetened juice, energy drinks, and soft drinks correlated with higher DMFT scores.

Conclusion

This study underscores a significant rise in dental caries risk among participants following the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, education, and policies to address the increased risk of dental caries and promote oral health among adults.