Drought stress enhances phytochemical, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer properties in Pandanus tectorius

Abstract

Global warming is responsible for increasing temperatures and reducing rainfall in many regions of the world. Due to insufficient rainfall or lack of water in the soil, plants experience a range of morphological and biochemical alterations when they are exposed to drought conditions. Interestingly, the cells of drought-stressed plants can serve as a potential source for discovering new drugs. These secondary metabolic products have important biological functions that determine how plants interact with the environment and help them accommodate alterations. Present research has shed light on the response of Pandanus tectorius induced drought stress at 8th and 16th days. The studies observed the levels of various secondary metabolites in plants under drought-induced stress. Among the secondary metabolites analyzed, total alkaloids exhibited the highest overall concentration at 26.19 ± 0.83^a. Furthermore, the observations found that drought stress had a significant impact on the plant's secondary metabolism. This resulted in increased levels of total alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics compared to the control plant. Especially the concentration of phenolics showed the most significant increase, with a remarkable 64.99% rise observed at the 16th day of treatment. The concentration of phenolics reached (20.52 ± 0.181^c) at this level. Moreover, compared to control, P. tectorius exhibits significant antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, molecular docking, and anticancer effects against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ values (48.91 ± 0.95 μg/mL) at 16th day treated plants. Consequently, the positive responses of P. tectorius drought stress enhance secondary metabolites. This research focus on drought stress stimulus prompts an urge in the production of secondary metabolites in P. tectorius, leading to an increase in its anticancer and anti-diabetic properties and treatments for type-2 diabetes and against fighting for cancer with minimal side effects and helping prevent diseases.