Archaeological investigation of burials preluded by ground penetrating radar and geospatial technologies

IF 2.6 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
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Abstract

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-invasive and efficient scientific tool in burial analysis that can 'see the unseen,' answering both simple questions such as the existence and boundaries of burials, as well as more difficult questions like whether burials are intact or decayed. This paper reviews common reflection signatures associated with burials and applies the three fundamental GPR principles (dielectric contrast, scattering and polarity of reflections) to two distinct caseworks involving historical graves and civilian burials, which serve as benchmarks with known ground truth. It encompasses a third test case involving family tree research in a civilian cemetery, drawing upon the benchmarked results obtained from the first two caseworks. In adherence to geophysical signal reflection principles, our study discerns distinct hyperbolic traits associated with three burial types including intact shroud-wrapped, coffin burials, and decayed or mass-grave burials. A GPR-geospatial integration workflow incorporating GPR, aerial photogrammetry and global navigation satellite system - real time kinetics (GNSS-RTK), is derived to enhance the identification and investigation of burials using GPR. Our workflow encompasses a range of indicators for survey methods and burial classification, presenting a general framework for the systematic contextualization of tailored workflows to individual contexts. This work exemplifies the efficacy of GPR in the detection of burials that have been undisturbed for over a century in the soils of Hong Kong and how geophysics and geospatial science can address the limitations inherent in conventional desktop-based archaeological investigation. Its implications extend to professionals in diverse fields including historians, archaeologists, cemetery management officials, and even family members searching for their lost loved ones.

利用地面穿透雷达和地理空间技术对墓葬进行考古调查
地面穿透雷达 (GPR) 是一种用于墓葬分析的非侵入式高效科学工具,它可以 "看到看不见的东西",既能回答墓葬的存在和边界等简单问题,也能回答墓葬是否完整或腐烂等较难回答的问题。本文回顾了与墓葬相关的常见反射特征,并将 GPR 的三个基本原理(介电对比、散射和反射极性)应用到两个不同的案例中,分别涉及历史墓葬和平民墓葬,它们是已知地面实况的基准。它包括第三个测试案例,涉及平民墓地的家谱研究,借鉴了前两个案例的基准结果。根据地球物理信号反射原理,我们的研究发现了与三种墓葬类型相关的独特双曲线特征,包括完整的裹尸布墓葬、棺木墓葬以及腐烂或乱葬墓葬。我们提出了一个 GPR-地理空间整合工作流程,其中包含 GPR、航空摄影测量和全球导航卫星系统-实时动力学(GNSS-RTK),以加强利用 GPR 对墓葬的识别和调查。我们的工作流程涵盖了一系列勘测方法和墓葬分类指标,为根据具体情况系统地定制工作流程提供了一个总体框架。这项工作体现了 GPR 在探测香港土壤中一个多世纪未受扰动的墓葬方面的功效,以及地球物理学和地球空间科学如何解决传统桌面考古调查固有的局限性。它对不同领域的专业人士,包括历史学家、考古学家、墓地管理官员,甚至是寻找失散亲人的家属都有影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Archaeological Science
Journal of Archaeological Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
7.10%
发文量
112
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Science is aimed at archaeologists and scientists with particular interests in advancing the development and application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. This established monthly journal publishes focus articles, original research papers and major review articles, of wide archaeological significance. The journal provides an international forum for archaeologists and scientists from widely different scientific backgrounds who share a common interest in developing and applying scientific methods to inform major debates through improving the quality and reliability of scientific information derived from archaeological research.
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