Exergetic efficiency and CO2 intensity of hydrogen supply chain including underground storage

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Hydrogen plays a crucial role in the transition to low-carbon energy systems, especially when integrated into energy storage applications. In this study, the concept of exergy-return on exergy-investment (ERoEI) is applied to investigate the exergetic efficiency (defined as the ratio of useful exergy output to invested exergy input) and CO2 equivalent intensity of the hydrogen supply chain, with a specific focus on the underground hydrogen storage process. Our findings reveal that the overall exergetic efficiency of the electricity-to-hydrogen-to-electricity conversion process can reach up to 25 %. Among the hydrogen production methods, green hydrogen, produced via electrolysis powered by renewable energy, exhibits the lowest CO2 equivalent intensity. Blue hydrogen, produced from natural gas with carbon capture, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of electricity generation, though this advantage comes at the expense of decreased exergetic efficiency. Analysis further indicates that the exergetic efficiency of underground storage components ranges from 72 % to 92 %. A substantial fraction of the exergy is lost during compression and injection of the stored hydrogen. Nevertheless, the subsurface operations contribute a minimal CO2 emission, between 1.46–4.56 grams of equivalent CO2 per megajoule (gr-CO2eq/MJ) when powered by low-carbon energy sources. Furthermore, it is found that hydrogen loss in the reservoir, along with methane and hydrogen leak during surface operations, notably affects the overall efficiency of the storage process.

包括地下储存在内的氢气供应链的能效和二氧化碳强度
氢气在向低碳能源系统过渡的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,尤其是在集成到储能应用中时。在这项研究中,我们采用了 "放能投资回报率"(ERoEI)的概念来研究氢气供应链的放能效率(定义为有用放能输出与投资放能输入之比)和二氧化碳当量强度,并特别关注地下储氢过程。我们的研究结果表明,电-氢-电转换过程的总体能效最高可达 25%。在各种制氢方法中,以可再生能源为动力的电解法生产的绿色氢气的二氧化碳当量强度最低。利用天然气生产的蓝色氢气通过碳捕集,可显著减少发电过程中的碳足迹,但这一优势是以降低能效为代价的。进一步的分析表明,地下储氢组件的发电效率在 72% 到 92% 之间。在压缩和注入储存的氢气过程中会损失很大一部分能量。尽管如此,在使用低碳能源的情况下,地下作业的二氧化碳排放量极低,为每兆焦耳 1.46-4.56 克二氧化碳当量(gr-CO2eq/MJ)。此外,研究还发现,储层中的氢损耗以及地表作业过程中的甲烷和氢泄漏,会显著影响封存过程的整体效率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
3.20%
发文量
180
审稿时长
58 days
期刊介绍: Energy Conversion and Management: X is the open access extension of the reputable journal Energy Conversion and Management, serving as a platform for interdisciplinary research on a wide array of critical energy subjects. The journal is dedicated to publishing original contributions and in-depth technical review articles that present groundbreaking research on topics spanning energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management, and sustainability. The scope of Energy Conversion and Management: X encompasses various forms of energy, including mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic, and electric energy. It addresses all known energy resources, highlighting both conventional sources like fossil fuels and nuclear power, as well as renewable resources such as solar, biomass, hydro, wind, geothermal, and ocean energy.
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