Bovine trypanosomosis, vector distribution and infection rate in three districts of Gamo Zone, southwestern Ethiopia

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00374

Amsayas Tsolo , Kokeb Kore , Desie Sheferaw

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Abstract

African animal trypanosomosis is one of the main obstacles to the development of livestock and agricultural output in Ethiopia. It usually results in a severe, frequently fatal sickness, and the infected animals were more weakened as the disease progress and become unfit for work. A cross sectional study design was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 with the aim of estimating the prevalence of trypanosome infection both in Glossina spp. and cattle, and to assess apparent density of Glossina spp. A total of 298 cattle were selected and examined for trypanosome by using buffy coat technique. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 19.1%; and two species of trypanosomes, T. congolense and T. vivax, were identified in the study area. The prevalence of T. congolense and T. vivax were 15.8% and 2.3%, respectively. The prevalence of trypanosomosis was significantly higher in adult animals (OR = 2.7; p < 0.05) than in younger cattle and poor body condition (OR = 3.18; p $<$ 0.05) than medium body condition animals. The mean PCV value of infected animals was 14.3% (13.3–15.4) significantly lower than the non-infected animals 18.5% (17.8–19.2). Glossina pallidipes is the only tsetse species encountered in all the study areas. In total, 2992 flies were caught of which 90.8% belong to G. pallidipes and 9.2% were other biting flies. The overall apparent density of G. pallidipes was 20.1 F/T/D and other biting flies were 2.0 F/T/D. A total of 307 live Glossina pallidipes were dissected. The overall prevalence of Glossina pallidipes infection rate was 9.1% (95% CI = 5.9–12.4). The prevalence of G. pallidipes infection was significantly higher in Kucha district (OR = 3.2, χ² = 2.6, p $<$ 0.05) than the other two districts, Daramalo and Arba Minch Zuria. Also it was significantly higher in flies trapped from riverine forest areas (OR = 5.5, χ² = 2.86, p $<$ 0.05). Therefore, to reduce the impact of trypanosomosis and Glossina, vector control and treating infected cattle with prophylactic or chemotherapeutic drugs and active community participation can play a key role.

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埃塞俄比亚西南部加莫区三个地区的牛锥虫病、病媒分布和感染率

非洲动物锥虫病是埃塞俄比亚畜牧业和农业发展的主要障碍之一。它通常会导致严重的、经常致命的疾病，受感染的动物会随着疾病的发展而变得更加虚弱，不适合工作。我们于 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 4 月期间开展了一项横断面研究，目的是估算格洛西那虫属和牛的锥虫感染率，并评估格洛西那虫属的表观密度。我们共选取了 298 头牛，采用水疱技术对其进行锥虫检查。牛锥虫病的总体发病率为 19.1%；在研究地区发现了两种锥虫，即 T. congolense 锥虫和 T. vivax 锥虫。T. congolense和T. vivax的流行率分别为15.8%和2.3%。成年牛的锥虫病发病率（OR = 2.7; p <0.05）明显高于年轻牛，体况较差的牛（OR = 3.18; p <0.05）明显高于体况中等的牛。感染动物的平均 PCV 值为 14.3%（13.3-15.4），明显低于未感染动物的 18.5%（17.8-19.2）。Glossina pallidipes 是所有研究地区遇到的唯一采采蝇物种。总共捕获了 2992 只苍蝇，其中 90.8% 属于苍蝇，9.2% 属于其他咬人苍蝇。苍蝇的总体表观密度为 20.1 F/T/D，其他咬人苍蝇为 2.0 F/T/D。共解剖了 307 只活体苍蝇。苍蝇皮蝇的总体感染率为 9.1%（95% CI = 5.9-12.4）。库查区的苍蝇感染率（OR = 3.2，χ2 = 2.6，p <0.05）明显高于其他两个区，即达拉马洛区和阿尔巴明奇祖里亚区。此外，在河岸森林地区诱捕的苍蝇中，该指数也明显较高（OR = 5.5，χ2 = 2.86，p < 0.05）。因此，要减少锥虫病和舌蝇的影响，病媒控制、使用预防性药物或化疗药物治疗受感染的牛以及社区的积极参与可以发挥关键作用。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.