Establishment of a Flow-Through System for the Macrophyte Growth Inhibition Test (OECD 239) Including Photosynthetic Activity Measurement to Determine Early Effects.

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1002/etc.5983

Joëlle Lousberg, Jost Hanfland, Lena Alix Kosak, Sebastian Eilebrecht, Benedikt Ringbeck, Karsten Schlich

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Maintaining constant exposure concentrations during ecotoxicological studies while testing rapidly degradable substances is a challenge. To achieve stable concentrations during exposure, flow-through systems are used. To assess the impact of substances on higher aquatic plants, the 14-day macrophyte water-sediment Myriophyllum spicatum growth inhibition test (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD, 2014a] test guideline 239) only includes a static or a semistatic test design. The main aim of our study was to investigate the applicability of a flow-through system for M. spicatum. The standard OECD test design was miniaturized, and a flow-through system with spill-over was developed to achieve stable exposure concentrations of a rapidly degrading substance. The main endpoints were total shoot length and fresh and dry weight. Photosynthetic activity was used as an endpoint for the identification of early effects using the noninvasive Image-Producing Pulse Amplitude Modulation (IMAGING-PAM) procedure. Atorvastatin (AV; fast degrading) and bentazone (BT; photosynthesis inhibitor) were used as model substances to observe differences of the effect concentration depending on the test design. At higher exposure levels of AV, stronger necrosis combined with lower effect concentrations was observed in the flow-through test compared with the semistatic test, indicating the applicability of the flow-through test for evaluating degradable substances. The test with BT demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in the photosynthetic yield (Y(II)) from day 3 onward even before macroscopically visible changes occurred. Our results show that the flow-through system in the macrophyte growth inhibition test (OECD test guideline 239; 2014a) is a suitable alternative when one is testing rapidly degradable substances such as AV. In addition, we showed that photosynthetic yield can serve as a supplementary endpoint, when one is testing substances with photosynthesis inhibition as a mode of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-12. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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建立包括光合作用测量在内的滋养植物生长抑制试验（OECD 239）直通系统，以确定早期效应。

在生态毒理学研究中，测试快速降解物质时保持稳定的暴露浓度是一项挑战。为了在接触过程中达到稳定的浓度，需要使用流经系统。为了评估物质对高等水生植物的影响，14 天大型水沉积物藻类生长抑制试验（经济合作与发展组织 [OECD, 2014a] 试验准则 239）只包括静态或半静态试验设计。我们研究的主要目的是调查流动系统对 M. spicatum 的适用性。我们对标准的 OECD 试验设计进行了微型化，并开发了一种具有溢出功能的流过系统，以实现快速降解物质的稳定暴露浓度。主要终点是总芽长、鲜重和干重。光合作用是利用非侵入式图像产生脉冲幅度调制（IMAGING-PAM）程序确定早期影响的终点。阿托伐他汀（AV；快速降解）和苯达宗（BT；光合作用抑制剂）被用作模型物质，以观察不同试验设计的影响浓度差异。与半静态试验相比，在较高的 AV 暴露水平下，流经试验观察到了较强的坏死现象和较低的效应浓度，这表明流经试验适用于评估可降解物质。用 BT 进行的试验表明，从第 3 天开始，光合产物（Y(II)）的减少与浓度有关，甚至在发生宏观可见的变化之前就已出现。我们的结果表明，在测试快速降解物质（如 AV）时，大型植物生长抑制试验（经合组织试验准则 239；2014a）中的流动系统是一种合适的替代方法。此外，我们还表明，在测试以抑制光合作用为作用模式的物质时，光合产物率可作为补充终点。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-12。© 2024 作者。环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.