Large effects of fine and coarse aerosols on tropical deep convective systems throughout their lifecycle

IF 8.5 1区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1038/s41612-024-00739-6

Jianhua Yin, Zengxin Pan, Feiyue Mao, Daniel Rosenfeld, Lin Zang, Jiangping Chen, Jianya Gong

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Abstract

Previous studies have shown that aerosols invigorate deep convective systems (DCS). However, the magnitude or even the existence of aerosol invigoration of DCS remains controversial. Here, we aimed to observationally quantify the full aerosol effects on DCS by tracking their entire lifecycle and spatial extent in tropical regions. We found that fine aerosols (FA) can invigorate DCS, making them taller and longer lived, and resulting in up to ×5 increase in total area and rainfall amount. In contrast, added coarse sea salt aerosols (CSA) over the ocean can inhibit the vertical development of DCS through enhancing warm rain formation, yet resulting in longer lived and extensive DCSs. Notably, combining FA and CSA generates the strongest aerosol invigoration effect at the concentrations of ~5 and ~80 μg/m³, leading up to ×10 increase in rainfall amount. Our results indicate that aerosols significantly redistribute convective precipitation and climate effects, greatly underestimated in previous studies.

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细悬浮微粒和粗悬浮微粒对热带深对流系统整个生命周期的巨大影响

以往的研究表明，气溶胶会激活深对流系统（DCS）。然而，气溶胶对深对流系统的促进作用到底有多大，甚至是否存在，仍然存在争议。在这里，我们旨在通过跟踪热带地区气溶胶的整个生命周期和空间范围，观测量化气溶胶对深对流系统的全部影响。我们发现，细悬浮微粒（FA）可以激活 DCS，使它们变得更高、更长寿，并导致总面积和降雨量增加达 5 倍。与此相反，在海洋上空添加的粗海盐气溶胶（CSA）可以通过增强暖雨的形成来抑制 DCS 的垂直发展，从而导致 DCS 的寿命更长、范围更广。值得注意的是，当 FA 和 CSA 的浓度分别为 ~5 和 ~80 μg/m³ 时，气溶胶的增效作用最强，可使降雨量增加 10 倍。我们的研究结果表明，气溶胶极大地重新分配了对流降水和气候效应，这在以往的研究中被大大低估了。

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来源期刊

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

21 weeks

期刊介绍： npj Climate and Atmospheric Science is an open-access journal encompassing the relevant physical, chemical, and biological aspects of atmospheric and climate science. The journal places particular emphasis on regional studies that unveil new insights into specific localities, including examinations of local atmospheric composition, such as aerosols. The range of topics covered by the journal includes climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, ocean dynamics, weather extremes, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry (including aerosols), the hydrological cycle, and atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land interactions. The journal welcomes studies employing a diverse array of methods, including numerical and statistical modeling, the development and application of in situ observational techniques, remote sensing, and the development or evaluation of new reanalyses.