In situ observations of zooplankton show changes in abundance and swimming speed in response to hypoxia and acidification

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Amy C. Wyeth, Daniel Grünbaum, Julie E. Keister, Deana Crouser, Paul Roberts
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Abstract

Zooplankton exhibit diverse swimming behaviors to reposition themselves in the water column, feed, find mates, and avoid predation. Environmental stressors that modify behavior can have cascading effects on population distributions and predator–prey interactions. Understanding zooplankton population dynamics is challenging, largely because traditional methods for quantifying zooplankton distributions are costly, limited in scope, and require extended analysis by trained analysts. We developed a novel methodology that combined remotely deployed camera systems, machine learning-based identification of zooplankton, and video-based tracking technology to quantify copepod and amphipod in situ swimming behavior in Hood Canal, WA, USA, a seasonally hypoxic and acidified fjord. Behavioral analysis showed copepods of all sizes swam on average 24% slower in stressful (hypoxic and acidified) waters relative to non-stressful waters. Copepods exhibited less frequent escape responses in stressful waters, with a 68% decrease in the amount of time spent “jumping” for copepods 1–2 mm in length. Interestingly, abundances of small copepods increased in stressful waters, with 56% more 1–2 mm long copepods in stressful vs. non-stressful conditions. In contrast, amphipods' average “darting” speeds did not differ between environmental conditions, but the abundance of amphipods significantly decreased in stressful waters relative to non-stressful waters, suggesting avoidance of stressful conditions. Changes in swimming behavior are informative metrics in understanding ecosystem impacts of environmental stress because swimming speed has individual, population, and community-level implications. Our results suggest that, among copepods, in situ behaviors may be useful proxies in monitoring the impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems.

Abstract Image

对浮游动物的现场观测表明,它们的数量和游速随缺氧和酸化而变化
浮游动物表现出多种多样的游泳行为,以便在水体中重新定位、觅食、寻找配偶和避免捕食。改变行为的环境压力会对种群分布和捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用产生连带影响。了解浮游动物种群动态具有挑战性,这主要是因为量化浮游动物分布的传统方法成本高昂、范围有限,而且需要训练有素的分析人员进行扩展分析。我们开发了一种新方法,将远程部署的摄像系统、基于机器学习的浮游动物识别和基于视频的跟踪技术结合起来,对美国华盛顿州胡德运河(一个季节性缺氧和酸化的峡湾)中的桡足类和片脚类动物的原地游泳行为进行量化。行为分析表明,与非压力水域相比,各种大小的桡足类在压力水域(缺氧和酸化)中的游泳速度平均慢 24%。桡足类在应激水域的逃逸反应频率较低,体长1-2毫米的桡足类 "跳跃 "的时间减少了68%。有趣的是,小型桡足类的数量在应激水域中有所增加,应激条件下与非应激条件下相比,1-2 毫米长的桡足类数量增加了 56%。相比之下,片脚类动物的平均 "飞奔 "速度在不同环境条件下没有差异,但片脚类动物的数量在应激水域比非应激水域显著减少,这表明片脚类动物会躲避应激条件。游泳行为的变化是了解环境压力对生态系统影响的信息指标,因为游泳速度对个体、种群和群落都有影响。我们的研究结果表明,在桡足类中,原位行为可能是监测气候变化对沿海生态系统影响的有用代用指标。
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来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
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