Impacts of forest canopy heterogeneity on plot-scale hydrometeorological variables - Insights from an experiment in the humid boreal forest with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Philippe Lagueux , Jean-Daniel Sylvain , Guillaume Drolet , Pierre-Erik Isabelle , Gonzalo Leonardini , Daniel F. Nadeau , François Anctil
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

High latitude regions, including the circumpolar boreal biome, are experiencing important changes in the availability of usable surface water because of climate change. In this context, an adequate representation of the land-atmosphere interaction is critical to ensure optimal management of current and future water resources, forest management, and climate prediction. However, the task is particularly intricate in high-latitude boreal forest, as land surface model faces several challenges due to the unique environmental conditions and ecological characteristics. The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of forest landscape heterogeneity, specifically stand leaf-area index (LAI), soil texture, and drainage regime, on surface water and energy balance in a small boreal high-latitude sub-catchment. To this end, hydrometeorological conditions at seventeen 20×20 m plots in a 1-km2 boreal forest sub-basin are simulated using the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), a land surface model, at the point scale. The subplot-scale soil texture, drainage regime, and vegetation characteristics and type are based as closely as possible on field measurements and observations for the 17 plots. The model-driven experiment comprises two sets of simulations using CLASS, each employing the same model setup and run for the 17 experimental plots. The main set employs meteorological forcing from a local micrometeorological tower within the sub-basin to investigate the plot-to-plot variability of albedo, energy fluxes, and soil state variables. A second set of simulations is conducted using meteorological forcing from the ERA5-Land reanalysis, which spans from 1986 to 2022. This data provides a longer time series, enabling a more accurate representation of the interannual climatic variability in the sub-basin. The results of the main and secondary sets of CLASS simulations are used to assess the plot-to-plot and temporal variability of several key hydrometeorological variables by calculating a monthly spread. In brief, the following conclusions and broader implications can be drawn from the findings: i) The simulated total annual evapotranspiration remains relatively uniform between plots despite notable variation in its partitioning from plot to plot. ii) In the presence of a full snowpack, the albedo exhibits substantial heterogeneity at the subplot scale, linked to the canopy's LAI. iii) Local soil properties, drainage regime, and vegetation structure and type exhibit substantial influence on the plot-to-plot variability in soil water content. iv) When parameterized with localized observations and measurements, CLASS can represent and be responsive to the complex dynamics of energy and water fluxes at the plot scale within the heterogeneous surface of boreal forests.

林冠异质性对地块尺度水文气象变量的影响--加拿大地表计划湿润北方森林实验的启示
由于气候变化,高纬度地区,包括环北极北半球生物群落,可用地表水的供应正在发生重大变化。在这种情况下,充分反映陆地与大气的相互作用对于确保当前和未来水资源的优化管理、森林管理和气候预测至关重要。然而,由于独特的环境条件和生态特征,地表模型面临着诸多挑战,因此这项任务在高纬度北方森林尤为复杂。本研究的目的是量化森林景观异质性,特别是林分叶面积指数(LAI)、土壤质地和排水系统对北半球高纬度小流域地表水和能量平衡的影响。为此,在一个 1 平方公里的北方森林子流域内,利用加拿大地表计划(CLASS)这一地表模型,对 17 个 20×20 米地块的水文气象条件进行了点尺度模拟。子地块尺度的土壤质地、排水系统、植被特征和类型尽可能以 17 个地块的实地测量和观测结果为基础。模型驱动实验包括两套使用 CLASS 的模拟,每套模拟都采用相同的模型设置,并在 17 块实验地块上运行。第一组模拟采用了子流域内当地微型气象塔的气象强迫,以研究地块间反照率、能量通量和土壤状态变量的变化。第二组模拟使用了ERA5-Land 再分析的气象强迫,时间跨度从 1986 年到 2022 年。这些数据提供了更长的时间序列,能够更准确地反映该子流域的年际气候变异性。主要和次要的 CLASS 模拟结果用于通过计算月差来评估几个关键水文气象变量的地块间和时间变异性。简而言之,可从研究结果中得出以下结论和更广泛的影响:i) 尽管地块与地块之间的分区差异显著,但地块与地块之间的模拟年蒸散总量仍相对一致。 ii) 在积雪较厚的情况下,反照率在子地块尺度上表现出很大的异质性,这与冠层的 LAI 有关。iii) 当地的土壤特性、排水系统以及植被结构和类型对地块间土壤含水量的变化有很大影响。 iv) 当利用本地化观测和测量结果进行参数化时,CLASS 可以表示并响应北方森林异质性地表中地块尺度上能量和水通量的复杂动态。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
9.70%
发文量
415
审稿时长
69 days
期刊介绍: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology is an international journal for the publication of original articles and reviews on the inter-relationship between meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is on basic and applied scientific research relevant to practical problems in the field of plant and soil sciences, ecology and biogeochemistry as affected by weather as well as climate variability and change. Theoretical models should be tested against experimental data. Articles must appeal to an international audience. Special issues devoted to single topics are also published. Typical topics include canopy micrometeorology (e.g. canopy radiation transfer, turbulence near the ground, evapotranspiration, energy balance, fluxes of trace gases), micrometeorological instrumentation (e.g., sensors for trace gases, flux measurement instruments, radiation measurement techniques), aerobiology (e.g. the dispersion of pollen, spores, insects and pesticides), biometeorology (e.g. the effect of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield, water-use efficiency, and plant phenology), forest-fire/weather interactions, and feedbacks from vegetation to weather and the climate system.
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