COVID-19 lockdown impact on air quality and associated health benefit in two contrasting urban cities in Eastern Indo Gangetic Plain

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Rishabh Raj Jain, Bipin Kumar Sahni, Indira Mishra, Saifi Izhar
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Abstract

A key challenge in controlling deteriorating urban air quality is a lack of clear understanding of the regional emissions characteristics and their impact on human health. COVID-19 lockdown provided an opportunity to enhance understanding of background air quality. Towards this, we studied the effect of the lockdown on air pollutants level and associated health benefits in two contrasting urban cities of Eastern IGP, Asansol (industrial) and Kolkata (metropolitan), by analyzing data from 2019 to 2021. The outcomes revealed that the level of exceedance of air pollutants is usually higher in Asansol but significantly decreased in both cities during the lockdown period. Particle concentrations were reduced by 50–70 % compared to Pre-Lockdown and by 20–35 % against the same period in 2019. Kolkata witnessed a higher reduction in PM levels than Asansol. Diurnal variation comparison showed a higher reduction of particle levels during lockdown in the morning at Asansol while in the evening at Kolkata. The health benefits associated with the reduction in PM2.5 concentration were quantified using the BenMAP-CE model, which revealed that improving air quality, like during the lockdown period, would save annually 0.46 and 2.91 deaths per 100,000 persons in Asansol and Kolkata, respectively. Altogether, this study's outcomes provide essential insights to policymakers for regional factors associated to varying air quality and health benefits associated to improvement in air quality.

Abstract Image

COVID-19 封锁对东印度洋平原两个截然不同的城市空气质量的影响及相关健康益处
控制日益恶化的城市空气质量的一个关键挑战是缺乏对区域排放特征及其对人类健康影响的清晰了解。COVID-19 封锁为加强对背景空气质量的了解提供了一个机会。为此,我们通过分析 2019 年至 2021 年的数据,研究了封锁对东部 IGP 的两个对比城市--阿桑索尔(工业城市)和加尔各答(大都市)--空气污染物水平的影响以及相关的健康益处。结果显示,阿桑索尔的空气污染物超标水平通常较高,但在封锁期间,这两个城市的空气污染物超标水平都显著下降。与封锁前相比,颗粒物浓度降低了 50-70%,与 2019 年同期相比降低了 20-35%。加尔各答的可吸入颗粒物浓度降幅高于阿桑索尔。昼夜变化比较显示,在封锁期间,阿桑索尔上午的颗粒物水平降低幅度较高,而加尔各答傍晚的颗粒物水平降低幅度较低。使用 BenMAP-CE 模型对 PM2.5 浓度下降带来的健康效益进行了量化,结果显示,改善空气质量(如在封锁期间)将使阿桑索尔和加尔各答每 10 万人每年分别减少 0.46 和 2.91 例死亡。总之,这项研究的成果为政策制定者提供了重要的见解,帮助他们了解与不同空气质量相关的区域因素以及与改善空气质量相关的健康益处。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Environment: X
Atmospheric Environment: X Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
12 weeks
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