Hormonal orchestra: mastering mitochondria's role in health and disease.

IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Endocrine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1007/s12020-024-03967-1
Ebtesam Al-Suhaimi, Rahaf AlQuwaie, Reem AlSaqabi, Dwi Winarni, Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi, Abdullah A AlRubaish, Adeeb Shehzad, Abdelhamid Elaissari
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mitochondria is a subcellular organelle involved in the pathogenesis of cellular stress, immune responses, differentiation, metabolic disorders, aging, and death by regulating process of fission, fusion, mitophagy, and transport. However, an increased interest in mitochondria as powerhouse for ATP production, the mechanisms of mitochondria-mediated cellular dysfunction in response to hormonal interaction remains unknown. Mitochondrial matrix contains chaperones and proteases that regulate intrinsic apoptosis pathway through pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family's proteins Bax/Bak, and Cyt C release, and induces caspase-dependent and independent cells death. Energy and growth regulators such as thyroid hormones have profound effect on mitochondrial inner membrane protein and lipid compositions, ATP production by regulating oxidative phosphorylation system. Mitochondria contain cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc, ferredoxin, and ferredoxin reductase providing an essential site for steroid hormones biosynthesis. In line with this, neurohormones such as oxytocin, vasopressin, and melatonin are correlated with mitochondrial integrity, displaying therapeutic implications for inflammatory and immune responses. Melatonin's also displayed protective role against oxidative stress and mitochondrial synthesis of ROS, suggesting a defense mechanism against aging-related diseases. An imbalance in mitochondrial bioenergetics can cause neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Hormone-induced PGC-1α stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via activation of NRF1 and NRF2, which in turn triggers mtTFA in brown adipose and cardiac myocytes. Mitochondria can be transferred through cells merging, exosome-mediated transfer, and tunneling through nanotubes. By delineating the underlying molecular mechanism of hormonal mitochondrial interaction, this study reviews the dynamics mechanisms of mitochondria and its effects on cellular level, health, diseases, and therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial diseases.

Abstract Image

荷尔蒙乐团:掌握线粒体在健康和疾病中的作用。
线粒体是一种亚细胞器,通过调节裂变、融合、有丝分裂和运输过程,参与细胞应激、免疫反应、分化、代谢紊乱、衰老和死亡的发病机制。然而,线粒体是产生 ATP 的动力源,人们对线粒体的兴趣与日俱增,但线粒体介导的细胞功能障碍与荷尔蒙相互作用的机制仍不清楚。线粒体基质含有伴侣蛋白和蛋白酶,可通过促凋亡的 Bcl-2 家族蛋白 Bax/Bak 和 Cyt C 释放来调节细胞凋亡的内在途径,并诱导依赖和独立于 Caspase 的细胞死亡。甲状腺激素等能量和生长调节剂通过调节氧化磷酸化系统,对线粒体内膜蛋白质和脂质组成以及 ATP 生成产生深远影响。线粒体含有胆固醇侧链裂解酶、P450scc、铁氧还蛋白和铁氧还蛋白还原酶,是类固醇激素生物合成的重要场所。因此,催产素、血管加压素和褪黑激素等神经激素与线粒体的完整性相关,对炎症和免疫反应具有治疗意义。褪黑激素还对氧化应激和线粒体合成 ROS 起保护作用,这表明它是一种针对衰老相关疾病的防御机制。线粒体生物能失衡可导致神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病和癌症。激素诱导的 PGC-1α 通过激活 NRF1 和 NRF2 刺激线粒体生物生成,进而触发棕色脂肪细胞和心肌细胞中的 mtTFA。线粒体可通过细胞合并、外泌体介导的转移和纳米管隧道转移。本研究通过阐述激素与线粒体相互作用的基本分子机制,回顾了线粒体的动力学机制及其对细胞水平、健康、疾病和针对线粒体疾病的治疗策略的影响。
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来源期刊
Endocrine
Endocrine ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
5.40%
发文量
295
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: Well-established as a major journal in today’s rapidly advancing experimental and clinical research areas, Endocrine publishes original articles devoted to basic (including molecular, cellular and physiological studies), translational and clinical research in all the different fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Articles will be accepted based on peer-reviews, priority, and editorial decision. Invited reviews, mini-reviews and viewpoints on relevant pathophysiological and clinical topics, as well as Editorials on articles appearing in the Journal, are published. Unsolicited Editorials will be evaluated by the editorial team. Outcomes of scientific meetings, as well as guidelines and position statements, may be submitted. The Journal also considers special feature articles in the field of endocrine genetics and epigenetics, as well as articles devoted to novel methods and techniques in endocrinology. Endocrine covers controversial, clinical endocrine issues. Meta-analyses on endocrine and metabolic topics are also accepted. Descriptions of single clinical cases and/or small patients studies are not published unless of exceptional interest. However, reports of novel imaging studies and endocrine side effects in single patients may be considered. Research letters and letters to the editor related or unrelated to recently published articles can be submitted. Endocrine covers leading topics in endocrinology such as neuroendocrinology, pituitary and hypothalamic peptides, thyroid physiological and clinical aspects, bone and mineral metabolism and osteoporosis, obesity, lipid and energy metabolism and food intake control, insulin, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, hormones of male and female reproduction, adrenal diseases pediatric and geriatric endocrinology, endocrine hypertension and endocrine oncology.
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