Pavlovian safety learning: An integrative theoretical review.

IF 3.2 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Patrick A F Laing, Bram Vervliet, Joseph E Dunsmoor, Ben J Harrison
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Abstract

Safety learning involves associating stimuli with the absence of threats, enabling the inhibition of fear and anxiety. Despite growing interest in psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience, safety learning lacks a formal consensus definition, leading to inconsistent methodologies and varied results. Conceptualized as a form of inhibitory learning (conditioned inhibition), safety learning can be understood through formal learning theories, such as the Rescorla-Wagner and Pearce-Hall models. This review aims to establish a principled conceptualization of 'Pavlovian safety learning', identifying cognitive mechanisms that generate safety and the boundary conditions that constrain it. Based on these observations, we define Pavlovian safety learning as an active associative process, where surprising threat-omission (safety prediction error) acts as a salient reinforcing event. Instead of producing merely neutral or nonaversive states, safety learning endows stimuli with active positive associations to 'safety'. The resulting stimulus-safety memories counteract the influence of fear memories, promoting fear regulation, positive affect, and relief. We critically analyze traditional criteria of conditioned inhibition for their relevance to safety and propose areas for future innovation. A principled concept of Pavlovian safety learning may reduce methodological inconsistencies, stimulate translational research, and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of an indispensable psychological construct.

Abstract Image

巴甫洛夫安全学习:综合理论回顾。
安全学习涉及将刺激与不存在威胁联系起来,从而抑制恐惧和焦虑。尽管心理学、精神病学和神经科学对安全学习的兴趣与日俱增,但却缺乏一个正式的共识定义,导致方法不一,结果各异。安全学习的概念是一种抑制性学习(条件性抑制),可以通过正式的学习理论(如雷斯科拉-瓦格纳模型和皮尔斯-霍尔模型)来理解。本综述旨在建立 "巴甫洛夫安全学习 "的原则性概念,确定产生安全的认知机制和制约安全的边界条件。基于这些观察结果,我们将巴甫洛夫式安全学习定义为一种主动的联想过程,在这一过程中,出人意料的威胁-失误(安全预测错误)会成为一个突出的强化事件。安全学习不会产生单纯的中性或非厌恶状态,而是赋予刺激以 "安全 "的积极联想。由此产生的刺激-安全记忆抵消了恐惧记忆的影响,促进了恐惧调节、积极情绪和缓解。我们批判性地分析了条件性抑制的传统标准与安全的相关性,并提出了未来创新的领域。巴甫洛夫安全学习的原则性概念可能会减少方法论上的不一致,促进转化研究,并有助于全面理解这一不可或缺的心理结构。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.90%
发文量
165
期刊介绍: The journal provides coverage spanning a broad spectrum of topics in all areas of experimental psychology. The journal is primarily dedicated to the publication of theory and review articles and brief reports of outstanding experimental work. Areas of coverage include cognitive psychology broadly construed, including but not limited to action, perception, & attention, language, learning & memory, reasoning & decision making, and social cognition. We welcome submissions that approach these issues from a variety of perspectives such as behavioral measurements, comparative psychology, development, evolutionary psychology, genetics, neuroscience, and quantitative/computational modeling. We particularly encourage integrative research that crosses traditional content and methodological boundaries.
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