Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in Patient Reported Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Within 3 Months of Symptomatic Illness During COVID-19 Pandemic.

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1007/s40615-024-02124-8

Mandy J Hill, Ryan M Huebinger, Imtiaz Ebna Mannan, Huihui Yu, Lauren E Wisk, Kelli N O'Laughlin, Nicole L Gentile, Kari A Stephens, Michael Gottlieb, Robert A Weinstein, Katherine Koo, Michelle Santangelo, Sharon Saydah, Erica S Spatz, Zhenqiu Lin, Kevin Schaeffer, Efrat Kean, Juan Carlos C Montoy, Robert M Rodriguez, Ahamed H Idris, Samuel McDonald, Joann G Elmore, Arjun Venkatesh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Differences in acute COVID-19 associated morbidity based on race, ethnicity, and gender have been well described; however, less is known about differences in subsequent longer term health-related quality of life and well-being.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included symptomatic adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 who completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys. Using the PROMIS-29 tool, a validated measure of health and well-being, we compared outcomes at 3 months and change in outcomes from baseline to 3 months among groups with different races, ethnicities, and/or sexes.

Results: Among 6044 participants, 4113 (3202 COVID +) were included. Among COVID + participants, compared to non-Hispanic White participants, Black participants had better PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (3.6 [1.1, 6.2]) and fatigue (- 4.3 [- 6.6, - 2.0]) at 3 months and experienced more improvement in fatigue over 3 months (- 2.7 [- 4.7, - 0.8]). At 3 months, compared with males, females had worse PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (- 4.1 [- 5.6, - 2.6]), physical function (- 2.1 [- 3.1, - 1.0]), social participation (- 2.8 [- 4.2, - 1.5]), anxiety (2.8 [1.5, 4.1]), fatigue (5.1 [3.7, 6.4]), and pain interference (2.0 [0.9, 3.2]). Females experienced less improvement in fatigue over 3 months (3.1 [2.0, 4.3]). Transgender/non-binary/other gender participants had worse 3-month scores in all domains except for sleep disturbance and pain interference.

Conclusions: Three months after the initial COVID-19 infection, Black participants reported better cognitive function and fatigue, while females and other gender minoritized groups experienced lower well-being. Future studies are necessary to better understand how and why social constructs, specifically race, ethnicity, and gender, influence differences in COVID-19-related health outcomes. Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04610515.

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在 COVID-19 大流行期间，有症状的疾病发生后 3 个月内患者报告的幸福感和认知功能的种族、民族和性别差异。

背景：与 COVID-19 相关的急性发病率因种族、民族和性别的不同而存在差异，这一点已得到充分说明；然而，人们对随后与健康相关的长期生活质量和幸福感方面的差异却知之甚少：这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了接受 SARS-CoV-2 检测并完成基线和 3 个月随访调查的有症状成人。我们使用 PROMIS-29 工具（一种经过验证的健康和幸福感测量工具）比较了不同种族、民族和/或性别群体 3 个月的结果以及从基线到 3 个月的结果变化：在 6044 名参与者中，4113 人（3202 人 COVID +）被纳入其中。在 COVID + 参与者中，与非西班牙裔白人参与者相比，黑人参与者在 3 个月时的认知功能（3.6 [1.1, 6.2]）和疲劳（- 4.3 [- 6.6, - 2.0]）方面的 PROMIS T 分数更高，3 个月后疲劳的改善幅度更大（- 2.7 [- 4.7, - 0.8]）。与男性相比，女性的认知功能（- 4.1 [- 5.6, - 2.6]）、身体功能（- 2.1 [- 3.1, - 1.0]）、社会参与（- 2.8 [- 4.2, - 1.5]）、焦虑（2.8 [1.5, 4.1]）、疲劳（5.1 [3.7, 6.4]）和疼痛干扰（2.0 [0.9, 3.2]）。女性在 3 个月内的疲劳改善程度较低（3.1 [2.0, 4.3]）。除睡眠障碍和疼痛干扰外，变性/非二元/其他性别参与者在所有领域的3个月得分都较低：结论：初次感染 COVID-19 病毒三个月后，黑人参与者的认知功能和疲劳感较好，而女性和其他性别少数群体的幸福感较低。今后有必要开展研究，以更好地了解社会结构（尤其是种族、民族和性别）如何以及为何会影响 COVID-19 相关健康结果的差异。试验注册 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier：NCT04610515。

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来源期刊

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.10%

发文量

263

期刊介绍： Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.