Sublethal Effects Induced by a Cyflumetofen Formulation on Honeybee Apis mellifera L. Workers: Assessment of Midgut, Hypopharyngeal Glands, and Fat Body Integrity

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1002/etc.5980

Aline Beatriz Reis, Luis Carlos Martínez, Mateus Soares de Oliveira, Diego dos Santos Souza, Davy Soares Gomes, Laryssa Lemos da Silva, José Eduardo Serrão

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Abstract

Worldwide, both cultivated and wild plants are pollinated by the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Bee numbers are declining as a result of a variety of factors, including increased pesticide use. Cyflumetofen controls pest mites in some plantations pollinated by bees, which may be contaminated with residual sublethal concentrations of this pesticide, in nectar and pollen. We evaluated the effects of a sublethal concentration of a cyflumetofen formulation on the midgut, hypopharyngeal gland, and fat body of A. mellifera workers orally exposed for 72 h or 10 days. The midgut epithelium of treated bees presented digestive cells with cytoplasm vacuoles and some cell fragmentation, indicating autophagy and cell death. After being exposed to the cyflumetofen formulation for 72 h, the midgut showed a higher injury rate than the control bees, but after 10 days, the organs had recovered. In the hypopharyngeal gland of treated bees, the end apparatus was filled with secretion, suggesting that the acaricide interferes with the secretory regulation of this gland. Histochemical tests revealed differences in the treated bees in both exposure periods in the midgut and hypopharyngeal glands. The acaricide caused cytotoxic effects on the midgut digestive cells, with apical protrusions, plasma membrane rupture, and several vacuoles in the cytoplasm, features of cell degeneration. In the hypopharyngeal glands of the treated bees, the secretory cells presented small electron-dense and large electron-lucent secretory granules. The fat body cells had no changes in comparison with the control bees. In conclusion, the cyflumetofen formulation at sublethal concentrations causes damage to the midgut and the hypopharyngeal glands of honey bee, which may compromise the functions of these organs and colony fitness. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2455–2465. © 2024 SETAC

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氰氟螨酯制剂对蜜蜂工蜂的亚致死效应：评估中肠、下咽腺和脂肪体的完整性。

全世界的栽培植物和野生植物都由蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）授粉。由于杀虫剂使用量增加等多种因素，蜜蜂的数量正在减少。在一些由蜜蜂授粉的种植园中，氟虫螨腈可控制害螨，而这些种植园的花蜜和花粉中可能残留有亚致死浓度的氟虫螨腈。我们评估了亚致死浓度的氟虫腈制剂对口服暴露 72 小时或 10 天的 A. mellifera 工蜂的中肠、下咽腺和脂肪体的影响。经处理的蜜蜂中肠上皮细胞出现消化细胞胞浆空泡和一些细胞破碎，表明细胞自噬和死亡。暴露于氟虫腈制剂 72 小时后，中肠的损伤率高于对照蜂，但 10 天后，这些器官已恢复。在被处理蜜蜂的下咽腺中，末端器充满了分泌物，这表明杀螨剂干扰了该腺体的分泌调节。组织化学测试表明，在两个暴露期，被处理蜜蜂的中肠和下咽腺都存在差异。杀螨剂对中肠消化细胞造成细胞毒性影响，细胞顶端突出，质膜破裂，细胞质中有多个空泡，这些都是细胞变性的特征。在被处理蜜蜂的下咽部腺体中，分泌细胞出现小的电子致密分泌颗粒和大的电子致密分泌颗粒。与对照蜂相比，脂肪体细胞没有变化。总之，亚致死浓度的氟虫腈制剂会对蜜蜂的中肠和下咽腺造成损害，从而影响这些器官的功能和蜂群的健康。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-11。© 2024 SETAC.

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.