Integrating adult occurrence and reproduction data to identify conservation measures for amphibians.

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Elia Lo Parrino, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Michel Devin, Raoul Manenti, Mattia Falaschi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Monitoring programs are pivotal to establishing sound management. Due to economic, logistic, and time limitations, monitoring programs often overlook differences among life-history stages. However, species occurrence does not necessarily mean population viability, and it is unclear to what extent monitoring programs that do not consider separately adult presence and reproduction provide effective management indications. Unfortunately, collecting data on certain life stages requires high sampling effort, leading to a trade-off between model reliability and resources needed for monitoring. We collected data on presence and reproduction of amphibians by monitoring 207 waterbodies in Lombardy (northern Italy) in 2017-2022. We then used multistate occupancy models to test whether certain environmental features, namely, pond area, hydroperiod, forest cover, shade, aquatic vegetation, and predators' presence, differentially affected adult occurrence and breeding probabilities of multiple amphibian species. To assess optimal sampling efforts, we modeled the detection probabilities of adults and reproduction across multiple species. Finally, we identified the optimal monitoring strategy under different scenarios of resource availability, comparing adult-only monitoring versus joint assessment of the occurrence of adults and reproduction. In many cases, the main drivers of adult occurrence and reproduction did not coincide because most investigated ecological variables affected one life stage or the other. Forest area, for instance, increased occurrence probabilities of adults of the endemic Rana latastei but showed no effect on their reproduction probabilities. Quantitative estimates of the sampling effort showed that occurrence of adults was easier to spot in 4 out of 7 species. Multicriteria decision analyses showed that when resources were scarce, monitoring adults was the optimal strategy for those 4 species. Conversely, with more resources, monitoring both adults and reproduction emerged as the best strategy for all the considered species. Integrated monitoring of adults and reproduction is essential to comprehensively identify effective conservation measures for amphibians.

整合成体出现和繁殖数据,确定保护两栖动物的措施。
监测计划对于建立健全的管理至关重要。由于经济、后勤和时间的限制,监测计划往往会忽略生命史阶段之间的差异。然而,物种的出现并不一定意味着种群的生存能力,目前还不清楚不单独考虑成体存在和繁殖的监测计划能在多大程度上提供有效的管理指标。遗憾的是,收集某些生命阶段的数据需要很大的取样工作量,这就需要在模型可靠性和监测所需资源之间进行权衡。2017-2022 年,我们通过监测伦巴第大区(意大利北部)的 207 个水体,收集了两栖动物的存在和繁殖数据。然后,我们使用多态占据模型来检验某些环境特征(即池塘面积、水文周期、森林覆盖率、遮荫度、水生植被和捕食者的存在)是否会对多种两栖动物的成体出现和繁殖概率产生不同影响。为了评估最佳采样工作,我们建立了多个物种的成体和繁殖检测概率模型。最后,我们确定了不同资源可用性情况下的最佳监测策略,比较了仅监测成体与联合评估成体和繁殖的发生情况。在许多情况下,成虫出现和繁殖的主要驱动因素并不一致,因为大多数调查的生态变量都会影响其中一个生命阶段。例如,森林面积增加了特有的拉特斯特蝠鲼成虫的出现概率,但对其繁殖概率没有影响。对取样工作的定量估算显示,在 7 个物种中,有 4 个物种的成体更容易被发现。多标准决策分析显示,在资源稀缺的情况下,监测成体是这 4 个物种的最佳策略。相反,在资源充足的情况下,同时监测成虫和繁殖对所有物种来说都是最佳策略。综合监测成体和繁殖对于全面确定两栖动物的有效保护措施至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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