{"title":"TDOA-based localization of cracking sound events with minimal-error microphone subsets","authors":"Georg Karl Kocur, Bharath Kumar, Bernd Markert","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103211","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a method based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and index minimal-error subsets of microphones to localize sudden cracking sound events, which appear somewhere in flax-fiber reinforced concrete specimens. Validation tests with small-scale pendulum impacts and known impact locations were carried out. Error estimation was performed and error ellipses were calculated. Microphone subsets leading to the smallest localization error were indexed. We validated the localization accuracy against localization results calculated using the delay-and-sum beamforming technique. Further, tension tests on concrete specimens were performed until failure; crack patterns were recorded by photogrammetry. The cracking sound events were localized. With the good match between TDOA-based localization results and crack patterns, we demonstrate that the proposed localization procedure is reliably applicable for real-time localization of concrete cracking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963869524001762/pdfft?md5=00e6b69b8cb29be77ba571499f2f07ac&pid=1-s2.0-S0963869524001762-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ndt & E International","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963869524001762","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We present a method based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and index minimal-error subsets of microphones to localize sudden cracking sound events, which appear somewhere in flax-fiber reinforced concrete specimens. Validation tests with small-scale pendulum impacts and known impact locations were carried out. Error estimation was performed and error ellipses were calculated. Microphone subsets leading to the smallest localization error were indexed. We validated the localization accuracy against localization results calculated using the delay-and-sum beamforming technique. Further, tension tests on concrete specimens were performed until failure; crack patterns were recorded by photogrammetry. The cracking sound events were localized. With the good match between TDOA-based localization results and crack patterns, we demonstrate that the proposed localization procedure is reliably applicable for real-time localization of concrete cracking.
期刊介绍：
NDT&E international publishes peer-reviewed results of original research and development in all categories of the fields of nondestructive testing and evaluation including ultrasonics, electromagnetics, radiography, optical and thermal methods. In addition to traditional NDE topics, the emerging technology area of inspection of civil structures and materials is also emphasized. The journal publishes original papers on research and development of new inspection techniques and methods, as well as on novel and innovative applications of established methods. Papers on NDE sensors and their applications both for inspection and process control, as well as papers describing novel NDE systems for structural health monitoring and their performance in industrial settings are also considered. Other regular features include international news, new equipment and a calendar of forthcoming worldwide meetings. This journal is listed in Current Contents.
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