Diet order significantly affects energy balance for diets varying in macronutrients but not ultraprocessing in crossover studies without a washout period.

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-18 DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.013

Christina M Sciarrillo, Juen Guo, Aaron Hengist, Valerie L Darcey, Kevin D Hall

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Crossover studies can induce order effects, especially when they lack a washout period.

Objectives: We performed secondary analyses comparing groups of subjects randomly assigned to different diet orders in 2 inpatient crossover studies originally designed to compare within-subject differences in ad libitum energy intake. One study compared minimally processed low-carbohydrate (LC) compared with low-fat (LF) diets, and the other matched macronutrients and compared minimally processed food (MPF) with ultraprocessed food (UPF) diets.

Methods: Diet order group comparisons of changes in body weight and body composition, and differences in energy expenditure and food intake were assessed over 4 wk in 20 adults randomly assigned to either the LC followed immediately by the LF diet (LC → LF) or the opposite order (LF → LC), and 20 adults randomly assigned to either the MPF followed by the UPF (MPF → UPF) diets or the opposite order (UPF → MPF).

Results: Subjects randomly assigned to LC → LF lost 2.9 ± 1.1 kg more body weight (P <0.001) and 1.5 ± 0.6 kg more body fat (P = 0.03) than the LF → LC group, likely because the LC → LF group consumed 921 ± 304 kcal/d less than the LF → LC group (P = 0.003). These energy intake differences were driven by the last 2 wk (-1610 ± 312 kcal/d; P < 0.0001), perhaps because of carryover effects of gut adaptations during the first 2 wk arising from large differences in the mass of food (1296 ± 215 g/d; P <0.00001) and fiber consumed (58 ± 6 g/d; P <0.00001). There were no significant diet order effects on energy intake, body weight, or body composition changes between UPF → MPF and MPF → UPF groups.

Conclusions: Diet order significantly affected energy intake, body weight, and body fat in a 4-wk crossover inpatient diet study varying in macronutrients, but not in a similarly structured study varying in ultraprocessed foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03407053 and NCT03878108.

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在无冲淡期的交叉研究中，饮食顺序会显著影响宏量营养素不同的饮食的能量平衡，但不会影响超加工饮食的能量平衡。

背景：交叉研究可能会产生顺序效应，尤其是在缺乏冲淡期的情况下：我们对两项住院病人交叉研究中被随机分配到不同饮食顺序的受试者群体进行了二次分析比较，这两项研究的初衷是比较受试者自由摄入能量的内部差异。其中一项研究比较了低碳水化合物（LC）和低脂肪（LF）饮食的微量加工饮食，另一项研究匹配了宏量营养素，并比较了微量加工食品（MPF）和超量加工食品（UPF）饮食：方法：对20名成人进行为期四周的体重和身体成分变化以及能量消耗和食物摄入差异的饮食顺序分组比较，这些成人被随机分配为先低脂饮食后低脂饮食（LC→LF）或相反顺序（LF→LC），以及20名成人被随机分配为先MPF后UPF（MPF→UPF）或相反顺序（UPF→MPF）：与 LF→LC 组相比，随机采用 LC→LF 的受试者体重减少了 2.9 ± 1.1 千克（p < 0.001），体脂减少了 1.5 ± 0.6 千克（p = 0.03），这可能是因为 LC→LF 组比 LF→LC 组每天少摄入 921 ± 304 千卡（p = 0.003）。这些能量摄入差异是由最后两周造成的（-1610 ± 312 kcal/d；p < 0.0001），这可能是由于前两周食物量（1296 ± 215 g/d；p < 0.00001）和纤维摄入量（58 ± 6 g/d；p < 0.00001）的巨大差异导致的肠道适应性的延续效应。UPF→MPF组与MPF→UPF组之间的能量摄入、体重或身体成分变化没有明显的饮食顺序影响：在一项为期 4 周的住院病人交叉饮食研究中，饮食顺序对能量摄入、体重和体脂有明显影响，但在一项结构类似的研究中，饮食顺序对超标加工食品的影响不大：临床试验注册：NCT03407053 和 NCT03878108。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

12.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

332

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism. Purpose: The purpose of AJCN is to: Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition. Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits. Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition. Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles. Peer Review Process: All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.